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2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. Get started now at: http://boundless.com/teaching-platform Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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4. The Gilded Age The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 The Second Industrial Revolution The Rise of the City The Rise of Immigration Labor and Domestic Tensions The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. The Transformation of the West The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 (continued) Corruption and Reform Civil Service Reform The Agrarian and Populist Movements Culture in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. American Imperialism The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 (continued) Conclusion: Trends of the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

7. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > The Gilded Age The Gilded Age • The Gilded Age Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/the-gilded-age-143/

8. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > The Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution • The Second Industrial Revolution • The Transcontinental Railroads • Modern Management • The Inventions of the Telephone and Electricity • Laissez-Faire and the Supreme Court • Robber Barons and the Captains of Industry Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/the-second-industrial-revolution-144/

9. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > The Rise of the City The Rise of the City • The Rise of the City • Tenements and Overcrowding • Urban Politics • The White City, Chicago, and the World Columbian Exposition Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/the-rise-of-the-city-145/

10. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > The Rise of Immigration The Rise of Immigration • The Pull to America • The Nativist Response to Immigration Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/the-rise-of-immigration-147/

11. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > Labor and Domestic Tensions Labor and Domestic Tensions • The Rise of Unions • Anarchism • Socialism and the Unions • The Working Woman • Child Labor • Coxey's Army • The Railroad Strikes • The Homestead Strike • The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/labor-and-domestic-tensions-162/

12. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > The Transformation of the West The Transformation of the West • Territorial Government • The Diversity of the West • Ranchers, Cowboys, and Cattle • Pioneer Women • The American Indian Wars • American Indian Policy • The End of the Frontier Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/the-transformation-of-the-west-149/

13. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > Corruption and Reform Corruption and Reform • Politics in the Gilded Age Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/corruption-and-reform-154/

14. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > Civil Service Reform Civil Service Reform • Civil Service Reform • The Scurrilous Campaign • Republican Reform Under Harrison Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/civil-service-reform-1527/

15. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > The Agrarian and Populist Movements The Agrarian and Populist Movements • Economic Conditions • The Granger Movement • The Farmer's Alliance • The Populist Movement Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/the-agrarian-and-populist-movements- 155/

16. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > Culture in the Gilded Age Culture in the Gilded Age • Social Darwinism in America • The Family Economy: Women and Children • Outdoor Recreation • Mass Marketing, Advertising, and Consumer Culture • Cheap Amusements • The Rise of Realism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/culture-in-the-gilded-age-157/

17. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > American Imperialism American Imperialism • American Imperialism • The Spanish-American War • Markets and Missionaries • The Open Door Policy • The Philippine-American War • The Banana Wars Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/american-imperialism-164/

18. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 > Conclusion: Trends of the Gilded Age Conclusion: Trends of the Gilded Age • Conclusion: Trends of the Gilded Age Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-gilded-age-1870-1900-20/conclusion-trends-of-the-gilded-age-1528/

19. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

20. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Key terms • "Political Machines" Organizations in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. • 1893 Parliament of the World’s Religions The first formal gathering of representatives of Eastern and Western spiritual traditions from around the world. • Alexander Berkman A writer and political activist and leader of the anarchist movement in the early twentieth century. He was jailed for 14 years in the United States for the attempted murder of Henry Frick, head of U.S. Steel, before being deported to Russia. • Allotment and Assimilation Era A period (1887–1943) of apportioning tribal lands and incorporating native peoples into mainstream American society. • alternating current An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically having an average of zero, with positive and negative values; especially such a current produced by a rotating generator or alternator. • American Anti-Imperialist League A U.S. organization that opposed American control of the Philippines and viewed it as a violation of republican principles. The group also believed in free trade, the gold standard, and limited government. • American Exceptionalism A belief, central to American political culture since the Revolution, that Americans have a unique mission among nations to spread freedom and democracy. • American Imperialism A term that refers to the economic, military, and cultural influence of the United States on other countries. • American Missionary Association An organization supporting the education of freed blacks that founded hundreds of schools and colleges. • American Party An American political party that operated nationally during the mid-1850s, which arose in response to an influx of migrants and promised to "purify" American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants. • amusement park A commercially-operated collection of rides, games and other entertainment attractions, which became highly popular among Americans during the first decades of the 20th century. • anarcho-syndicalist An adherent to the branch of anarchism that favors the organization of the economy into syndicates, or economic co-ops. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

21. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Ashcan School A realist artistic movement, which came into prominence in the United States during the early twentieth century, best known for works portraying scenes of daily life in New York's poorer neighborhoods. • barrio A Spanish word meaning "neighborhood." • Battle of Manila The battle that began the Philippine-American War of 1899. • Bennett Law A controversial Wisconsin law passed in 1889 that required public and private schools to teach most subjects in English. The law was opposed by the state's large German-American population, but was typical of the assimilationist education policy of the Progressive Era. • Bessemer process The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron. • bicycle craze A sudden consumer enthusiasm for bicycles during the 1890s, precipitated by improvements in bike design. • Billion Dollar Congress The 51st U.S. Congress, criticized for its lavish spending, that met from 1889 to 1891, during the first two years of the administration of President Benjamin Harrison. • biological determinism The interpretation of humans and human life from a strictly biological point of view. • buffalo soldier An African-American soldier in the U.S. Army, serving in one of a number of segregated units under white officers in the period after the U.S. Civil War up to the final racial integration of the U.S. military at the end of the Korean War. • burlesque A genre of variety show emerging in the 1860s and evolving into a a very popular blend of satire, performance art, music hall, and adult entertainment. • captains of industry Business leaders whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way. • Chester A. Arthur (October 5, 1829–November 18, 1886) The 21st president of the United States (1881–1885), who took office after the assassination of President James A. Garfield. Arthur overcame suspicions about his beginnings as a politician by embracing the cause of civil service reform. His advocacy for, and enforcement of, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was the centerpiece of his administration. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

22. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Chinese Exclusion Act A law passed in 1882 that stated that there was a limited amount of immigrants of Chinese descent allowed into the United States. • Compulsory Education A period of education that is required of every person. • Coxey's Army A protest march by unemployed workers on Washington, D.C., in 1894. The march, intended to protest unemployment and President Cleveland's economic policies, was prevented from reaching the capital by the U.S. Army. • Crop-Lien System A credit system, widely used by farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1920s, in which sharecroppers and tenant farmers who did not own the land they worked obtained supplies and food on credit from local merchants. • cult of domesticity A system of values that emphasized new ideas about femininity, the woman's role within the home, and the dynamics of work and family. • Daniel De Leon An American socialist newspaper editor, politician, Marxist theorist, and trade union organizer. He was the leading figure in the Socialist Labor Party of America from 1890 until his death in 1914. • Dawes Act A law, adopted by Congress in 1887, that authorized the president of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. • Dependent and Disability Pension Act A federal act that provided pensions for all Union Army veterans who had served 90 days and who were unable to perform manual labor, whether or not the cause of their disability was related to their service in the American Civil War. The act also provided pensions for minors, dependent parents, and widows of veterans. • Dime Museums Institutions providing cheap entertainment and moral education, which were very popular at the end of the nineteenth century among the working classes. • direct current An electric current in which the electrons flow in one direction, but may vary with time. • efficiency The extent to which time is well used for the intended task. • Eugene Debs An American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for president of the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

23. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • eugenics A social philosophy that advocates the improvement of human hereditary qualities through selective breeding. • Evangelical Of or relating to any of several Christian churches that believe in the sole authority of the gospels. • Exodusters African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery led many freedmen to seek new places to live. • expansionism The policy of expanding a nation's territory or its economic influence. • Family Economy A term used to describe the family as an economic unit. The early stages of development in many economies are characterized by family-based production. • Farm Credit System A federally chartered network of cooperatives and related service organizations that lends to agricultural producers, rural homeowners, farm-related businesses, and agricultural, aquatic, and public utility cooperatives in the United States. • fascism A political regime, having totalitarian aspirations, ideologically based on a relationship between business and the centralized government, business-and-government control of the market place, repression of criticism or opposition, a leader cult, and the exaltation of the state and/or religion above individual rights. • First Transcontinental Railroad A term for a contiguous railroad line constructed in the United States between 1863 and 1869 west of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers to connect the Pacific coast at San Francisco Bay with the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs, Iowa. • Frederick Law Olmsted American journalist, public administrator, and landscape designer, popularly considered the father of American landscape architecture; famous for codesigning many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City. • General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) An international women's organization, founded in 1890, dedicated to community improvement by enhancing the lives of others through volunteer service. GFWC is one of the world's largest and oldest nonpartisan, nondenominational women's volunteer service organizations. • gold standard A monetary system in which the value of circulating money is linked to the value of gold. • Gospel of Wealth An article written by Andrew Carnegie that describes the responsibility of the new upper class of self-made rich to engage in philanthropy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

24. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Governor Davis H. Waite The Populist Party governor of Colorado during the Cripple Creek Miners' Strike. When Sheriff Bowers of Colorado City raised a large army of strikebreaking deputies, Waite ordered them to disband, and negotiated on behalf of the striking miners. • Granger Laws A series of laws passed through political agitation by Grange members in Southern states of the United States after the American Civil War. • Great American Desert A term used in the nineteenth century to describe the western part of the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains in North America to about the 100th meridian. The area is now usually referred to as the "High Plains," and the original term is now sometimes used to describe the arid region of the Southwest, which includes parts of northern Mexico and the four deserts of North America. • Great Sioux War of 1876 A series of battles and negotiations that occurred between 1876 and 1877 involving the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne and the United States. • Grover Cleveland The 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president to serve two nonconsecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897), and therefore, the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. • Haymarket Affair The aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, in Chicago. • Henry Clay Frick An American industrialist and financier who was chairman of U.S. Steel during the Homestead Strike of 1892. He is widely vilified for his ruthlessness and lack of business ethics. • Henry Ford The founder of Ford Motor Company and pioneer of the assembly line. Fordism—the mass production of inexpensive consumer goods with high wages for laborers—revolutionized the American economy. • Herbert Spencer An English philosopher, biologist, and sociologist who was highly influential in proposing economic and political theories based on Darwin's theories of evolution, and who influenced many American thinkers including, most notably, William Graham Sumner. • Homestead Act One of three U.S. federal laws that gave an applicant ownership (at no cost) of farmland called a "homestead," which was typically 160 acres of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River. • Homestead Act of 1862 One of three U.S. federal laws that gave an applicant ownership (at no cost) of farmland called a "homestead," which was typically 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River. • immigrant A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

25. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • immigrant A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country. • immigrant A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country. • Jacob Coxey An Ohio businessman who led a march on Washington to protest unemployment. Though the marches were unsuccessful, they did spark political interest in governmental action against unemployment, an issue integral to the New Deal, 40 years later. • Jacob Riis A Danish American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist, and social documentary photographer known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City. He endorsed the implementation of "model tenements" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. • James G. Blaine An American Republican politician who served as a U.S. representative, speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a U.S. senator from Maine, and twice as secretary of state. He was nominated for president in 1884, but was narrowly defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland. • Knights of Labor The first major labor union, started in 1869. • laissez-faire An economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs, government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression. • Land Scrip A form of credit granting its holder entitlement to certain tracts of land. • layoff A dismissal of employees from their jobs because of tightened budgetary constraints or work shortage (not due to poor performance or misconduct). • Lochner v. New York A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case which held that "liberty of contract" was implicit in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case involved a New York law that limited the number of hours that a baker could work each day to 10, and limited the number of hours that a baker could work each week to 60. • Machine Politics In U.S. politics, a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state. • management Administration; the process or practice of running an organization. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

26. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • mass transit A large-scale transportation system in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. • McKinley Tariff An act of the U.S. Congress, framed by Representative William McKinley and designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, that raised the average duty on imports to almost 50 percent. • mechanization The use of machinery to replace human or animal labor, especially in agriculture and industry. • Migrant worker An agricultural laborer who travels from place to place harvesting seasonal crops. • Mining Camps A community that houses miners, usually created around a mine or a quarry for the extraction or smelting of ore. • Monroe Doctrine A U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of the Americas, which aimed to free the newly independent colonies of Latin America from European intervention. • mugwump A Republican political activist who bolted from the U.S. Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the presidential election of 1884. • National Child Labor Committee A private, nonprofit organization that was the leading proponent of national child labor reform during the Progressive Era. • Naturalism An outgrowth of realism that also focused on how social conditions, heredity, and environment shape human character. • Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856–January 7, 1943) A Serbian-American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, and futurist who was an important contributor to the use of commercial electricity, and is best known for his contributions to the modern alternating current (AC) electrical supply system. • Ocala Demands A platform for economic and political reform adopted by members of the Farmers' Alliance in December 1890, in the Marion Opera House in Ocala, Florida. The platform was later adopted by the People's Party. • Open Door Policy A doctrine that governed the relationship between China and the imperial powers (Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, America, and Japan) during the early 1900s. The policy forbade the imperial powers from taking Chinese territory and from interfering with one another's economic activities in China. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

27. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Panic of 1893 An economic depression in the United States, beginning in 1893 and marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing, which set off a series of bank failures. • Pendleton Act A federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. • Philippine Revolution of 1896 An armed conflict in which Philippine revolutionaries tried to win national independence from Spanish colonial rule. Power struggles among the revolutionaries and conflict with Spanish forces continued throughout the Spanish-American War. • Pikes Peak Gold Rush of 1859 Later known as the "Colorado Gold Rush," the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pikes Peak country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States. • Pinkerton agents A private security and detective agency founded in 1850 who employers often used in labor disputes to infiltrate unions, guard factories, and enforce strikebreaking measures. • political machine A local organization that controls a large number of personal votes and can therefore exert political influence. • political machines Political organizations in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. • populism A political position that holds antielitist appeals against established interests or mainstream parties. • Prairie Frontier An American territory that comprises the geography, history, and culture of the forward wave of American westward expansion from the original colonial settlements to the early twentieth century. • prototype An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes. • Public sphere An area in social life in which individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion, influence political action. • Reading Railroad Massacre An action by the Pennsylvania State Militia, quelling a riot in Reading, Pennsylvania, during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

28. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Realism In the arts, a style characterized by the depiction of subjects as they exist in objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation. • Red Cloud A war leader and a chief of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). He led as a chief from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the U.S. Army faced, he led a successful campaign in 1866–1868 known as "Red Cloud's War" over control of the Powder River Country in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana. • reform Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved. • robber baron Especially in the nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries, a business tycoon who had great wealth and influence but whose methods were morally questionable. • Robber baron A derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late nineteenth-century American businessmen who used unscrupulous methods to get rich. • Roosevelt Corollary An extension to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt that states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European nations and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than allowing the Europeans to press their claims directly. • Samuel Gompers An English-born, American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history; he founded the American Federation of Labor. • Sand-Lot Incident A riot in San Francisco in 1877, incited by anti-Chinese agitators. • Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the "Technological Revolution," was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the nineteenth century until World War I. It is considered to have begun with Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in mass production and the production line. • Second Industrial Revolution Also known as the "Technological Revolution," this phase lasted from the 1860s until World War I. It began with the innovation of Bessemer steel and culminated in mass production and the production line. • sectionalism Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. • settlement houses Group houses in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

29. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 A law that prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and that requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts. • Social Darwinism An ideology that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often under the assumption that conflict between societal groups leads to social progress, as superior groups surpass inferior ones. • Social Gospel A Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the early twentieth-century United States and Canada that applied Christian ethics to social problems. • Socialism A political philosophy and form of governance that promotes social ownership and democratic control of the means of production. • spoils system A practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for their support and as an incentive to keep working for the party. • spoils system A practice in which a political party, after winning an election, rewards its voters with government jobs. • Stagecoach A type of covered wagon for passengers and goods, strongly sprung and drawn by four horses, usually four-in- hand. Widely used before the introduction of railway transport, it made regular trips between stages or stations, which were places of rest provided for wagon travelers. • stalwart A member of a faction of the Republican Party toward the end of the nineteenth century. Stalwarts were the "traditional" Republicans who opposed Rutherford B. Hayes's civil service reform. They were pitted against the Half-Breeds (moderates) for control of the Republican Party. The only real issue between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds was patronage. The Half-Breeds worked to get civil service reform, and finally created the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. Stalwarts favored traditional machine politics. • strike A work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work, usually in response to employee grievances. • suffrage The legal right to vote. • Susan B. Anthony A leader in the women's suffrage movement and a key figure in the National American Woman Suffrage Association. • Tammany Hall A New York City Democratic Party political machine founded in 1786 that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and in helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

30. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Tariff Act of 1890 A law framed by Representative William McKinley that raised the average duty on imports to almost 50 percent, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. • Tejanos A term used to identify a Texan of Spanish or Mexican heritage. • Tenement House Act of 1901 A reform of the Progressive Era, this 1901 New York State law was one of the first such laws to ban the construction of dark, poorly ventilated tenement buildings in the state of New York. Among other sanctions, the law required that new buildings must be built with outward-facing windows in every room, an open courtyard, indoor toilets, and fire safeguards. • The American Anti-Imperialist League An organization established in the United States on June 15, 1898, to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area. • The Chinese Exclusion Act A U.S. law prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. • The First International An organization of workers' groups founded in Europe in 1864. Some of its ideological branches were influential in American socialist and anarchist politics. • The Gilded Age An era in the United States from 1870 to 1900 characterized by industrial growth, political participation, and social reform. • Treaty of Fort Laramie Also called the "Sioux Treaty of 1868," an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people; the Yanktonai Dakota; and the Arapaho Nation that was signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. • United Fruit Company An American company that sold fruit produced on Latin and South American plantations to North American and European markets. Along with the Standard Fruit Company, it dominated the economies and strongly influenced the governments of Latin American countries. • urbanization The process of the formation and growth of cities. • vaqueros (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈkeɾos]; Portuguese: vaqueiros [vaˈkejɾu]) Horse-mounted livestock herders of a tradition that originated on the Iberian Peninsula. Today the vaquero is still a part of the doma vaquera, the Spanish tradition of working riding. The vaquero traditions developed in Mexico from methodology brought to Mesoamerica from Spain, and also became the foundation for the North American cowboy. • vaudeville A popular type of entertainment that featured a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

31. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 • Western Federation of Miners A radical labor union that gained a reputation for militancy in the mines of the western United States and in British Columbia. • Wild West An image of the Western United States, developed in the second half of the nineteenth century, that frequently exaggerates the romance and violence of the frontier. • William Jennings Bryan A leading American politician from the 1890s until his death who was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, and was supported by the Populists in the 1896 presidential election. • Wobblies An international labor union that was founded in 1905 with ties to both socialist and anarchist labor movements. • workforce All the workers employed by a specific organization or nation, or on a specific project. • xenophobia A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

32. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 The Breakers The Breakers, the summer home of Cornelius Vanderbilt II, located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Built in 1893, it typifies the excesses of Gilded Age wealth. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "The Breakers Newport." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Breakers_Newport.jpg View on Boundless.com

33. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Diagram of the Bessemer converter Air blown through holes in the converter bottom creates a violent reaction in the molten pig iron that oxidizes the excess carbon, converting the pig iron to pure iron or steel, depending on the residual carbon. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "ConverterB.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ConverterB.jpg View on Boundless.com

34. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Finishing the First Transcontinental Railroad Workers celebrating the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "69workmen." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:69workmen.jpg View on Boundless.com

35. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Frederick Winslow Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer by training, is often credited with inventing scientific management and improving industrial efficiency. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Frederick Winslow Taylor crop." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frederick_Winslow_Taylor_crop.jpg View on Boundless.com

36. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 "From the Old to the New World" An illustration published in Harper's Weekly in 1874 shows German emigrants boarding a steamer in Hamburg, Germany, to come to America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Germans-emigrate-1874." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germans-emigrate-1874.jpg View on Boundless.com

37. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Portraits of the Haymarket martyrs This engraving depicts the Haymarket martyrs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "ChicagoAnarchists." CC BY-SA https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChicagoAnarchists.jpg View on Boundless.com

38. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Knights of Labor seal The official seal of the Knights of Labor, representing their mission statement. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Knights of labor seal." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knights_of_labor_seal.gif View on Boundless.com

39. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Bernard Gilliam's "Phryne before the Chicago Tribunal" This 1884 cartoon in Puck magazine ridicules Blaine as the tattooed man, with many indelible scandals. The cartoon image is a parody of Phryne before the Areopagus, an 1861 painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Bernard Gilliam - Phryne before the Chicago Tribunal." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bernard_Gilliam_- _Phryne_before_the_Chicago_Tribunal.jpg View on Boundless.com

40. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Wainwright Building, St. Louis The Wainwright Building in St. Louis, finished in 1891, exemplifies architect Louis Sullivan's ideas of form following function, which was a new principle in urban architecture of the period. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Wainwright building st louis USA." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wainwright_building_st_louis_USA.jpg View on Boundless.com

41. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Samuel Gompers Gompers in the office of the American Federation of Labor, 1887. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Gompers-1887.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gompers-1887.jpg View on Boundless.com

42. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 A cowboy The cowboy, the quintessential symbol of the American frontier, ca. 1887. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Grabill_-_The_Cow_Boy-edit.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grabill_-_The_Cow_Boy-edit.jpg View on Boundless.com

43. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham Rufus Wheeler Peckham, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1895–1909), and author of the Court's opinion in Lochner v. New York. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Rufus Wheeler Peckham cph.3b30513." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufus_Wheeler_Peckham_cph.3b30513.jpg View on Boundless.com

44. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Henry Clay Frick A portrait of American industrialist and financier Henry Clay Frick. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Henry Clay Frick." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Clay_Frick.jpg View on Boundless.com

45. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Migrant workers A family of migrant workers in California. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "langechildren2.@2x.jpeg." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Langechildren2.jpg View on Boundless.com

46. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Buffalo Soldiers Buffalo Soldiers who participated in the Spanish-American War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Liberators_of_Cuba.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liberators_of_Cuba.jpg View on Boundless.com

47. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Coxey's Army Coxey's Army marchers leaving their camp. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Coxey commonweal army brightwood leaving." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coxey_commonweal_army_brightwood_leaving.jpg View on Boundless.com

48. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Strikers shield Demonstration of a shield used by the workers while firing the cannon. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Homestead strike Carnegie shield." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homestead_strike_Carnegie_shield.jpg View on Boundless.com

49. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 Burning of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Union Depot Burning of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Union Depot, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 21–22, 1877. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Harpers 8 11 1877 Steeple View of Pittsburgh Conflagaration." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harpers_8_11_1877_Steeple_View_of_Pittsburgh_Conflagaration.jpg View on Boundless.com

50. The Gilded Age: 1870–1900 New York's Flatiron Building The iconic Flatiron Building, New York, shortly after its construction in 1903. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Detroit_Photographic_Company_(0645).jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_skyscrapers View on Boundless.com