ANALYSIS OF ICT TRAINING SUPPLY FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

1. Group of teachers and PhD Students who teach Research Methods in Education using ICT and study them. At this moment, we have different research projects related to ICT integration in Higher Education and lower educational levels.

2. http://ute.uv.es/ute ANALYSIS OF ICT TRAINING SUPPLY FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS I. GASTALDO, G. ALMERICH, I. DIAZ, C. BELLOCH Educational Technology Unit (UTE). University of Valencia. Spain. E-mail: Irene.Gastaldo@uv.es

3. Our research: Objetives Describing the ICT training supply (from 1998 to 2003) which teachers (from Comunidad Valenciana) attended. Analysing its adaptation to teachers needs. Between january 2003 and march 2004.

4. Method: Design • Mixed methodology: triangular technique, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of data come from three information sources: • PUBLIC TRAINING OFFER, proposed by Local Administration; • CEFIREs (Teacher Training Agencies) which provide us with key training elements for teachers: headmasters and ICT Assessors. • Data picked up from TEACHERS who give us information about their training needs.

5. Method: Design PUBLIC TRAINING OFFER Collecting and analysing the official reports from 1998 to 2003 where the information about courses for teachers is published by the Local Administration 1977 courses published in the official publication from 1998 to 2003 by the Local Administration. A database was created, defining variables and categories depending on the information detailed in the publication of the official report. This database let us a qualitative and quantitative analysis

6. Method: Design CEFIREs (Teacher Training Agencies) The interview method with a detailed protocol to headmaster and ICT assessors 14 headmasters and ICT assessors from 7 CEFIREs of a total number of 17 agencies in the Comunidad Valenciana which correspond with the headquarters of the ICT training assessors of the different teacher training agencies. Interview protocol contents questions about the training supply offered, its adequation to the demand and future and improving perspectives.

7. Method: Design TEACHERS Survey design whose population is made up of 868 teachers from Primary and Secondary educational institutions in the Comunidad Valenciana, both public as private ones. • Random sampling stratified depending on educational level and province in the Comunidad Valenciana.

8. Method: Design TEACHERS Items:Training needs in ICT use • languages and author systems • Internet as information resource • Internet as communication tool • initial design of Web pages • Advanced design of Web pages • Intranet • specific applications or resources (the analysis of this item is not included in this study) • Handle and use of PC • Word processor • spreadsheet • Databases • multimedia presentations • documentary bases • audiovisual means • educational software

9. Method: Design TEACHERS Items: Training needs in ICT integration

10. Results • We set out the results taking into account the three sources of information: from which we got data for our study. • Public Training Offer • Teacher Training Agencies (CEFIREs) • Teachers’ answers to the ICT questionnaire.

11. Courses without ICT content Courses with ICT content Results: Public Training Offer Content of courses • Percentage of courses with ICT content is lower than the one of courses without ICT content In any case, until 2003, the number of courses with ICT content was increasing.

12. Results: Public Training Offer Characteristics of ICT courses • Length: More than the half of the courses lasts 30 hours. • Number of participants: The mean of participants has been increasing from 19 participants in 1998 to around 26 in 2003. As for specialities, we set out Informatics, Maths, Management of educational institutions and Graphic Arts.

13. Results: Public Training Offer Characteristics of ICT courses • Educational level: two levels. First level: Primary and Secondary Education, Vocational Training, Special Needs and Interlevel (any previously level). Second level: Headmasters, assessors, Longlife training, Ceramics Schools, Music School, Arts School and Official Language School. The higher part of the courses with and without ICT content of the first level belongs to Interlevel (in 70% of the cases). In the second level, the higher percentage is for Longlife training.

14. Results: Public Training Offer Characteristics of ICT courses • Inclusion of content about ICT integration in the classroom, we use PROFORTIC levels • Most of the courses are classified as basic level and only 25 courses of advanced level have been offered from 1998 to 2003.

15. Results: CEFIREs(Teacher Training Agencies) • Visited 7 Teacher Training Agencies • Interviewed the headmasters and ICT assessors through an interview protocol: • training offer • on-line training • balance between offer and demand of training • impact measures • improving and future visions.

16. Results: CEFIREs(Teacher Training Agencies) • CEFIREs have different sections as school subjects (Maths, Foreign Languages, Sciences, ICT, etc.). ICT section offers ICT courses: basic and their objectives are the personal handling and use of ICT. The integrating sense of ICT into the school curriculum is offered by the other sections of the CEFIREs and not by ICT section, but the number is very low.

17. Results: CEFIREs(Teacher Training Agencies) • On-line training: not a defined trend (necessities and levels are too low) and not the appropriate resources. • Balance demand/offer: not adjusted not only insufficient places • but also a variety of levels (only basic). • training focused on the handling and use of the different technological resources and only a little in the integration of ICT in the curriculum area • Insufficient budget and available resources.

18. Results: CEFIREs(Teacher Training Agencies) • No Impact measures • Future perspectives: online training, open source software, specific applications, and videoconference.

19. Results: TEACHERS • TOPICS: • Training needs for personal-professional use of ICT • Training needs for use of ICT in the classroom • Training needs for ICT integration

20. Handle & use of PC Word processor Internet Results: TEACHERS Training needs for personal-professional use of ICT • Pattern is the same for the three educational levels: • word processor • handle and use of computer • Internet (as information resource and communication tool). These needs are classified as intermediate . The resources which have lower interest correspond with advanced technologies. • Only significant differences are produced among Primary Education with the other two educational levels. (Note: the scale is 1= initial, 2= intermediate, 3= advanced)

21. Results: TEACHERS Training needs for ICT use in the classroom • Pattern is the same as before But THE DIFFERENCE WITH PERSONAL USE IS…. these needs in initial level with students and nearby intermediate level for personal-professional use. • Only significant differences among Primary Education with the other two educational levels. (Note: the scale is 1= initial, 2= intermediate, 3= advanced)

22. design of curriculum materials by means of technological resources • consideration of the technological resources in the selection of curriculum materials • use of technology to carry out training activities • use of the technological tools as instrument of student’s evaluation. Results: TEACHERS Training needs for ICT integration in design and curricular development and educational planning. • Training needs of Intermediate level (need to have training to carry out these activities of integration in several situations and with certain complexity). • Same training needs pattern:

23. Results: TEACHERS Training needs for ICT integration in design and curricular development and educational planning. • In Primary education: lower training interest and lower training needs • Only significant differences among Primary Education with the other two educational levels. Finally, as for the attendance to training courses, this would be higher if “presence” session were not required. (Note: the scale is 1= initial, 2= intermediate, 3= advanced)

24. Conclusions: The current ICT training supply refers to initial courses about basic computing tools (word processor, database, etc.) or to technical courses with a low ICT curricular integration. Needs mentioned by teachers are situated in the initial level if is for using with students and nearby intermediate level if it is for personal-professional use. Training demand is covered in the case of basic level of use and handling of ICT, at personal-professional level But intermediate and advanced levels of training are not covered.

25. Conclusions: According to the training ways, on-line training is not much used, although teachers reclaim training methods more flexible as innovation projects, training at work, etc. Insufficient training in ICT integration in the classroom. Nowadays, the offer of this type of integrating training is in its initial steps and it could be necessary to increase it. However, CEFIREs have not the structures required for this type of training. It could be necessary that CEFIREs begin to offer on-line training.

26. Conclusions: This overall state reflects that teachers are aware that training is one of the keys of the success of ICT integration in daily work. It is hoped that a higher level of training help to integrate a bit more ICT in the daily work of the teachers. As many headmasters as ICT assessors hope cover the training demand in the short term with an offer more adjusted to the needs of the teachers but obstacles as budget and infrastructure obstruct this aim for the time being.

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