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Gupta Empire: Golden Age of India

The Gupta Empire, founded in 320 C.E., ushered in a period of relative peace and trade flourishing. Advancements in arts and sciences marked this Golden Age of India. However, the empire eventually fell due to the White Hun invasion, resulting in a decentralized India. The Gupta legacy includes cultural achievements and contributions such as the Ajanta Caves, chess, Devanagari numerals, and literature including the Kama Sutra.

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Gupta Empire: Golden Age of India

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  1. The Gupta Empire (320 C.E. – 600 C.E.) Global I Honors: Spiconardi

  2. The Empire • Founded in c. 320 C.E. near the Ganges River, the Hindu Gupta Empire was smaller than the Mauryan Empire • Ushered in the Golden Age of India • Relative peace (until Huna invasion) • Trade flourished • Advancements in the arts and sciences

  3. Trade • Why did trade flourish under the Gupta? • Centralized government • Controlled salt and metal trade • Silk Road • Cotton, sugar, cinnamon, and pepper were exchanged for Chinese and Middle Eastern goods • One-quarter tax on agricultural production • Required labor on state projects

  4. Fall of the Gupta • The White Hun Invasion • White Huns are related to the Xiognu, but different from the Huns of Attila • Enter Gupta India in 450 C.E. • White Huns takeover parts of Gupta Empire, but Gupta defend against a complete takeover • Efforts to resist the White Huns would led to eventual collapse of the Gupta empire

  5. Fall of the Gupta • Buddhism loses influence and popularity in India • White Hun invasion of northwest India destroyed Buddhist monasteries • Decentralized India • After the fall of the Gupta in c. 600 C.E., India once again ruled by numerous regional kingdoms

  6. Legacy • Golden Age of India (refer to previous lesson for mathematical and scientific achievements) • Art • Ajanta Caves  Caves with paintings and sculptures of Buddhist art

  7. Ajanta Caves

  8. Ajanta Caves

  9. Legacy • Chess • Gupta are believed to have invented the first version of chess • Infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariotry (pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively) • Devanagari Numerals • Continued Asoka’s policy of religious tolerance

  10. Legacy • Literature • Written in Sanskrit • Most notorious work of literature from the Gupta is the Kama Sutra • Kama Sutra  collection of works that provide a manual for relationships, sexual intercourse, and gender behavior Censored

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