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Friction Factors, Pumping and You

Friction Factors, Pumping and You. Understanding how friction affects your bottom line. Introduction. Sizing a pump properly saves money! Must overcome friction Watch out for cavitation!. Presentation Overview. Understanding Friction Factors Fluid Flow Mechanics Trends in Friction Factors

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Friction Factors, Pumping and You

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  1. Friction Factors, Pumping and You Understanding how friction affects your bottom line

  2. Introduction • Sizing a pump properly saves money! • Must overcome friction • Watch out for cavitation!

  3. Presentation Overview • Understanding Friction Factors • Fluid Flow Mechanics • Trends in Friction Factors • Experimental Procedure • Results • Conclusions

  4. Understanding Friction Factors • What are friction factors? • Energy Balance • What goes in must come out (sort of…) • Bernoulli’s Equation Work In or Out Elevation Change ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ Pressure Change Velocity Change Friction Losses

  5. Understanding Friction Factors • Okay, but what is F? ↑ Friction Factor Egads, we’ve found one!

  6. Trends in Friction Factors • What effects a friction factor? • Properties of the pipe, i.e. roughness • Fluid properties and mechanics • Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow

  7. Trends in Friction Factors • Reynolds Numbers • Accounts for velocity, geometry, density and viscosity, and how! • Re<2000, Laminar Flow • 2000<Re<4000, Transition • 4000<Re, Turbulent Flow

  8. Trends in Friction Factors • Moody Diagrams • Based on experimental work • Gives Darcy friction factors by Reynolds number and pipe roughness • Resulting Equations for Fanning friction factors: • Laminar Conditions: • Turbulent Conditions:

  9. Trends in Friction Factors

  10. Trends in Friction Factors • 2 Methods to determine ‘f’: • Trust the Moody Diagram • Physical Experimentation • Measure pressure drop over horizontal pipe

  11. Experimental Procedure • Two pipes selected with differing roughness • A 2%wt solution of NaCl was run through pipes at various flowrates • Pressure drop was measured across 10ft. sections of pipe.

  12. Results

  13. Conclusions and Recommendations • Overall trend of Moody diagram is very accurate • Moody diagram gives a good estimate for friction factors • Additional tests should be performed using longer pipes • Minimal friction is money saved

  14. Review • Understanding Friction Factors • Fluid Flow Mechanics • Trends in Friction Factors • Experimental Procedure • Results • Conclusions

  15. Gratitude • Thanks to lab partners: • Mike Mellas • Allyson Lundberg • Fluid mechanics theory and equations: • Dr. Eric Eddings • de Nevers, Noel. Fluid Mehanics for Chemical Engineers (Third Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

  16. Q&A Time! Questions?

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