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International Bronze Age. 1800-1100 BCE. Timeline for International Bronze Age and the Dark Age. 4000-1000 BCE: Bronze Age 2000-1000 BCE: International Bronze Age 2000-1500 BCE: Minoans thrive in Crete as trade hub 1500-1200: Minoans under Mycenaean control
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International Bronze Age 1800-1100 BCE
Timeline for International Bronze Age and the Dark Age • 4000-1000 BCE: Bronze Age • 2000-1000 BCE: International Bronze Age • 2000-1500 BCE: Minoans thrive in Crete as trade hub • 1500-1200: Minoans under Mycenaean control • 1200 BCE: Invasion of Sea People usher in a Dark Age that last for c. 400 years • 1170s BCE: Troy burns • 1000-1 BCE: The Iron Age • 800 BCE: Greeks and Phoenicians begin to colonize • 750 BCE: Homer completes the Iliad
Why are the Minoans so enigmatic? • They left clear indications of immense wealth • We have not deciphered their writing, called Linear A • Women seem to have occupied positions of importance in their society • They apparently built no fortifications around their palaces • All of the above
Name given by Egyptian Sources, such as the relief to the left Invaded coast of New Kingdom in Egypt between 1200 and 1175 Initiated a Dark Age with relatively few sources Included a loose confederation of peoples from across the Mediterranean Invasion of the Sea Peoples
Widespread famine and plague may have sparked the invasions, which brought an end to the Empire of the Hittites The Egyptians overcame numerous invasions from the Sea Peoples; but resistance to them depleted the resources of the pharaohs by 1100 and Egypt fell into civil war Invasion of the Sea Peoples
What do you consider to be the defining feature of a Dark Age in historical terms? • An age of violence, dominated by warrior bands • An age of illiteracy, with few, if any, written sources • An age of poverty, with repeated instances of famine • An age of disease, then the population decreases dramatically
Timeline for the Ancient Greeks • Dark Age: 1200-800 BCE • Archaic Age: 800-500 • Classical Age: 500-350 • Hellenistic Age: 350-200
Discuss the Ancient Greeks • What can we learn about the Greeks that is of practical value? • How did they contribute to the development of later civilizations? What was their significance? • How did they differ from other ancient civilizations? • How did they contribute to the development of education? • What was their religious orientation? • How did they resemble the Sumerians? • What was it like to be a woman in ancient Greece?
Discuss the Iliad • What kinds of people was the story about? • What values did the story convey? • How did the story depict the Greeks and the Trojans? • What messages did Homer have for the Greeks?
Troy and the Dark Age 1200-800 BCE
Overview • Mycenaean Civilization • The Trojan War • Dorian Invasions • The Greek Dark Age
Mycenaean Civilization • Greek speaking culture that thrived in the Peloponnese and Crete during the last centuries of the Bronze Age: 1600-1100 • Mycenaeans were the Greeks featured in the Homeric epics, the Iliad & the Odyssey • They established numerous maritime settlements that specialized in commerce and war • The Mycenaeans were not politically united and often fought against each other; at any given time there were numerous Mycenaean kings ruling over spheres of influence in southern Greece and Crete
Mycenaean Civilization • The Mycenaeans established trading networks with the Egyptians, Phoenicians, Canaanites, and others people of the eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age • They developed a written language called Linear B; it was a precursor to the ancient Greek language • They also worshipped the same pantheon of gods that would later capture the imagination of the Greeks, Zeus, Hera, Poseiden, etc...
