Airport Lighting, Markings and Sign Systems

1. Airport Lighting, Markings and Sign Systems MSA 613 Airport Operation Safety

2. Advisory Circular • AC 150/5340-1K Standards for Airport Markings • AC 150/5340-18F Standards for Airport Sign Systems • AC 150/5340-30F Design and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids

3. What Are Markings, Lights, and Signs? • Markings • Signs • Lights `

4. Runway Markings • Runway Landing Designator Marking • Runway Centerline Marking • Runway Threshold Marking • Runway Side Strip Marking • Runway Aiming Point Marking • Runway Touchdown Zone Marking • Runway Displaced Threshold Marking • Chevron Markings For Blast Pads, Stopways, and EMAS • Holding Position Marking WHITE

5. Runway Landing Designator Marking • Identifies a runway end • Consists of a single number or two numbers • When parallel runways exist, the number(s) are further supplemented with a letter • The whole number nearest the one-tenth of the magnetic azimuth along the runway centerline

6. Runway Landing Designator Marking • two parallel runways: “18L,” “18R” • three parallel runways: “9L,” “9C,” “9R” • four parallel runways: “32L,” “32R,” “33L,” “33R” • five parallel runways: “13L,” “13R,” “14L,” “14C,” “14R” or “14L,” “14R,” “13L,” “13C,” “13R” • six parallel runways: “8L,” “8C,” “8R,” “9L,” “9C,” “9R” • seven parallel runways: “8L,” “8C,” “8R,” “9L,” “9C,” “9R,” “10”

7. Runway Landing Designator Marking

8. Runway Centerline Marking • Identifies the physical center of the runway width • Provides alignment guidance to pilots during takeoff and landing operations • Consists of a line of uniformly spaced stripes and gaps and of uniform width

9. Centerline Marking

10. Runway Threshold Marking • Commences 20 feet (6 m) from the actual start point of runway threshold • Closely identifies the actual beginning point of the runway threshold used for landings • Consists of a pattern of longitudinal stripes • Uniform dimensions spaced symmetrically about the runway centerline

11. Threshold Marking

12. Runway Side Strip Marking • Provides enhanced visual contrast between the runway edge and the surrounding terrain or runway shoulders and delineates the width of suitable paved area for runway operations • Consists of two parallel stripes placed along each edge of the usable runway

13. Side Strip Marking

14. Runway Aiming Point Marking • Provides a visual aiming point for landing operations • Consists of two conspicuous rectangular markings • located symmetrically on each side of the runway centerline

15. Aiming Point Marking

16. Runway Touchdown Zone Marking • Identifies the touchdown zone along a precision runway • Consists of symmetrically arranged pairs of rectangular bars in groups of one, two, and three along the runway centerline

17. Runway Touchdown Zone Marking

18. Runway Displaced Threshold Marking • Includes a runway threshold bar and arrowheads with and without arrow shafts

19. Chevron Markings For Blast Pads, Stopways, and EMAS • Identifies paved blast pads, stopways, and EMAS in relation to the end of the runway

20. Holding Position Marking • Prevent aircraft and vehicles from entering into critical areas • Control traffic at the intersection of taxiways • PATTERN A • PATTERN B • PATTERN C

21. Holding Position Marking: Pattern A

22. Holding Position Marking: Pattern B

23. Holding Position Marking: Pattern C

24. SURFACE MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAYS

25. Taxiway Markings • Taxiway Centerline Marking • Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking • Taxiway Edge Marking • Taxiway Shoulder Marking YELLOW

26. Taxiway Centerline and Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings Taxiway Centerline Marking • Provides pilots continuous visual guidance to permit taxiing along a designated path Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking • Provides supplemental visual cues to alert pilots of an upcoming runway holding position marking (Pattern A) • Minimizing the potential for runway incursions

27. Taxiway Centerline and Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings

28. Taxiway Edge Marking • Used to delineate the taxiway edge from the shoulder and to define the edge(s) of a taxi route

29. Taxiway Shoulder Marking • Identify shoulders that are not intended for use by aircraft

30. Signs • MANDATORY INSTRUCTION SIGNS • LOCATION SIGNS • BOUNDARY SIGNS • DIRECTION SIGNS • DESTINATION SIGNS • RUNWAY DISTANCE REMAINING SIGNS • INFORMATION SIGNS • VEHICLE ROADWAY SIGNS

31. Mandatory Instruction Signs • WHITE inscription with a black outline on a RED background • Provide instructions that MUST BE OBEYED • Denote • Taxiway/runway intersections • Runway/runway intersections • Instrument Landing System (ILS) critical areas • POFZ boundaries • Runway approach areas • CAT II/III operations areas • No entry areas

32. Mandatory Instruction Signs • Holding Position Sign for Taxiway/Runway Intersections

33. Mandatory Instruction Signs • Holding Position Sign for CAT II/III Operations

34. Mandatory Instruction Signs • No Entry Sign

35. Location Signs • Identify the taxiway or runway upon which the aircraft is located • A location sign has a YELLOW inscription with a yellow border on a BLACK background

36. Boundary Signs • Identify the boundary of the RSA/OFZ or ILS critical area • BLACK inscription on a YELLOW background

37. Direction Signs • Indicate directions of other taxiways leading out of an intersection. • BLACK inscriptions on a YELLOW background • Contain ARROWs

38. Direction Signs • Taxiway Direction Sign

39. Destination Signs • BLACKinscription on a YELLOWbackground and always contains an arrow • Indicates the general direction to a remote location • Where taxiway location signs and direction signs alone would not adequately guide to the destination

40. Vehicle Roadway Signs

41. Information Signs • BLACKinscription on a YELLOWbackground, • Provide special information • VOR Receiver Checkpoint Sign

42. Runway Distance Remaining Sign • Provide distance remaining information to pilots during takeoff and landing operations • The inscription is a WHITE numeral on a BLACK background

43. Taxiway Direction Signs and Taxiway Location Sign

44. Surface Painted Gate Destination Signs • Used, when necessary, to assist pilots in locating their assigned terminal gate

45. Lighting Systems • Runway Edge Lights • Threshold/Runway End Lights • Stopway Edge Lights • Runway Centerline Lights • Touchdown Zone Lights • Taxiway Centerline lights • Taxiway Edge Lights • Stop Bars and Runway Guard Light • Airport Rotating Beacons • Approach Lighting Systems (ALS) • Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

46. Runway Edge Lights • Runway edge lights emit WHITE light • Except in the caution zone, (not applicable to visual runways) which is the last 2,000 feet (610 m) of runway or one-half the runway length, whichever is less • In the caution zone, yellow lights are substituted for white lights

47. Runway Edge Lights

48. Threshold/Runway End Lights • Emit GREEN light outward from the runway • Emit RED light toward the runway • The green lights indicate the landing threshold to landing aircraft • The red lights indicate the end of the runway, both landing and departing

49. Threshold/Runway End Lights

50. Stopway Edge Lights • The stopway edge lights emit unidirectional RED light in the takeoff direction of the runway