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From Plant to Drug

From Plant to Drug. Stefani D. Hines & Dr. Susanne Valcic The University of Arizona Center for Toxicology. Source Material = Biomass. Plants Microorganisms bacteria, fungus Marine organisms Animal products. Role of Biodiversity in Medicine.

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From Plant to Drug

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  1. From Plant to Drug Stefani D. Hines & Dr. Susanne Valcic The University of Arizona Center for Toxicology

  2. Source Material = Biomass • Plants • Microorganisms • bacteria, fungus • Marine organisms • Animal products

  3. Role of Biodiversity in Medicine • 1.75 million known species of animals, plants, fungi, & micro-organisms • Estimated to be 10 million species on earth • Each species contains 100’s - 1,000’s of chemicals • 1 billion - 1 trillion chemicals

  4. Loss of Biodiversity • ~ 100 species/day is lost • Loss of potential new medicines

  5. Biological Activity • Major Targets • Infectious Diseases • Cancers • Pesticides

  6. Biomass Extraction Crude Extract Determination of Biological Activity Separation Extract Fractions Isolation Active Lead Compound Pure Compounds Identification

  7. Collection Strategies • ecological strategy • ethno-medicinal strategy • environmental strategy • taxonomical strategy • random strategy

  8. Biomass Extraction

  9. Extraction Methods • Solvent extraction • at room temperature or higher • flowing or non-flowing

  10. Crude Extract • A complex mixture of unknown components obtained from the biomass • Separation of the mixture done by the differences in physical or chemical properties

  11. Biomass Extraction Crude Extract Determination of Biological Activity (in vitro) Separation

  12. Centrifugation Distillation Crystallization Filtration Chromatography Separation Methods

  13. Chromatography - Basic requirements • Stationary Phase • paper, glass, plastic, gel • Mobile Phase • water, other solvent

  14. Gingko biloba Extract

  15. Bioactivity-Guided Separation Extraction Plant Extraction Crude Extract Bioassay Chromatography Repeat Pure Compound Bioassay

  16. Complex Mixture to Single Compound

  17. ? Active Compound = Determine Molecular Structure

  18. From Plant to Drug Plant Crude Extract PureCompound Molecular Structure = Biological Activity

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