TONER MARKET AND TECHNOLOGIES

1. BUSINESS-INFORM 2012 TONER MARKET AND TECHNOLOGIES by Peter Knak / IMEX

2. What IsToner? Size Particle size distribution of 2-16 µ 1 µ = 1/1000 mm (Human hair diameter is 60-70 micron in average) Composition Resin, pigment, magnetite, wax, charge control agent (CCA), silica, etc. → Complex of inorganic and organic compounds Required characteristics Charging, fluidity and heat characteristics, preservation stability, dispersibility, etc. → Multiple characteristics of electrical, chemical and physical features are required.

3. a. Binder resin (macromolecule polymer) Fusing, charging characeristics a b. Pigment, magnetic powder Makes the image visible b e c. Wax Prevent toner built-up on the fuserroller d. Charge control agent Produce,hold and stabilize charging e. External additives Provideflowability,charging and cleaning characteristics of OPC c d Main Components of Toner

4. One-component toner Toner only Two-component toner Carrier + Toner Toner Categories One-component toner HP1010 2420 4250 HP P 1005 1505 2015 4515 etc. Toner only standard toner today Magnetic toner Two-component toner RICOH NX720,SP6100 Magnetic force, friction charge. Because the magnetic powder is black (iron oxide), it is difficult to colorize. Carrier + toner Niche toners Toner HP2600 3500 4700 / CP1215 3525 5225 Lexmark / Samsung Non-magnetic toner EPSON LP-S5000, CANON CT502, etc. Static Friction charge only. Colorization is possible. Pigment is used. Two-component formulation

5. Behavior of Magnetic One-Component Formulation Electric field S N OPC drum N S Magnetic roller Stir the toner with a paddle. S N Magnetic toner Toner moves to the image on the organic photo conductor by magnetic force and static electrical charge. The toner is transferred from the toner hopper to the magnetic roller, because of magnetic force.

6. Behavior of Non-magnetic One-Component Toners Stir the toner with a stirring paddle. Electric field Non-magnetic toner OPC drum Toner is transferred with a sponge roller. Toner is dispersed with the transfer roller.

7. Toner Production 1. Preliminary mixing 2. Compounding Resin Pigment Chargecontrol agent Wax 1 - 2 mm compoundedchip 3. Crushing 4.Classifying 5. Blending Exclude fine powder Add additives such as silica or titan oxide on the surface of the toner Crash chips with each other using air External additives Toner powder contains much fine powder 3 - 10 mm Toner particles

8. Smoothness, damage-free OPC surface Laser beam exposure Primary charge roller Photoreceptor filming, collection failure Fusing characteristics: Fixing properties, release characteristics to paper OPC Drum (Photo-receptor) Offset, poor fusing Waste hopper Paper Development characteristics; Uniform transfer, correcttoner quantity and charging Transfer roller Fixing device Transfer characteristics; OPC offset, uniformity of charge Background, high/lowimage density, carrier contamination (black spots), component wear Toner leak from the waste section Toner Requirements

9. Toner Physical Evaluation Powder characteristics 1. Particle size distribution Significantly affects charging. 2. Fluidity Affects the transfer of toner to the Developer Roller or the mix of toner with the carrier. 3. Circularity Uniform charging, thin toner layer on components. Influences transfer efficiency. Electro-magnetic characteristics 1. Charging strength Friction charge with the carrier, charging strengthon the developer roller. 2. Magnetic characteristics Transfer-ability of the toner to the developer roller and attractionforce to the development sleeve. Heat characteristics 1. Glass transition temperature A measure of storage stability or fixing property of the toner. 2. Flow Confirms the viscosity of the toner

10. Image Evaluation Enivronmental Test Laboratory 10C/20% (Low temperature, low humidity) and 30C/80% (High temperature, high humidity) Evaluation items - Page yield, toner consumption - Image density, colour gamut, image quality, - Background - Transfer efficiency - Toner characteristics on the sleeve - Component state change - Fusing property - Developer roller torque - Environmental test etc.

11. Aftermarket Toner Design • Wide tolerance when designing toner, addressing deterioration of components • - For eliminating problems such as image density drop caused by the detoriated developer roller or Dr. Blade • - Compatibility with different aftermarket OPC drums • → Sophisticated technology to allow homogeneous particle size distribution • 2. Environmentally-friendly toner design • - Conformity with Eco-mark standards • - No use of hazardous chemical substances, Ames test negative • 3. Low cost design • - Cost reduction by mass production (universalising, globalisation)

16. Toner Manufacturing Process IMEX Spherical Toner Circulating Process Toner particles are exposed into heat flow to get a circular shape. • Compounding Process • 2. Pulverizing Process • 3. Classifying Process • 4. Circulating Process • 5. Blending Process Before Circulating After Circulating Circular particle shape

17. IMEX Spherical Toner Application • Color toner , TMC Series • New HP monocolor toner, CMG-3 • Brother toner, NSB • Kyocera-Mita toner, MSK

18. Benefits of Spherical Toner Developing Process Conventional Toner IMEX Spherical Toner DB DB DVR DVR Thinner and regular toner layer on DVR Irregular toner layer on DVR Higher toner charging Lower toner charging Higher print quality without BG and dusting Poor BG, dusting

19. Benefits of Spherical Toner Transfer Process IMEX Spherical Toner Conventional Toner OPC OPC Lower Transfer Efficiency Character void Higher Transfer Efficiency

20. Benefits of Spherical Toner Transfer Process IMEX Spherical Toner Even Print Image Conventional Toner Rough Image

21. IMEX TMC　Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ　Ｃｏｌｏｒ　Ｔｏｎｅｒ • Spheridized Polyester Toners • Highly universal because of superiour dispersion • Stabile performance in a wide range of applications • Uniform particle size and shape • Uniform charging, low pile height and good fusing • Minimal batch to batch variation through stringent QC

22. Thank you!