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History and Governments of East SE Asia Part 1: Asian Empires. 1- When and where did China’s civilization begin?. More than 4,000 years ago. In the Huang He valley. 2- How does the Chinese writing system differ from an alphabet?.
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1-When and where did China’s civilization begin? • More than 4,000 years ago. • In the Huang He valley.
2-How does the Chinese writing system differ from an alphabet? • The Chinese writing system used characters to stand for entire words. • This system differs from an alphabet, which has letters that stand for sounds.
3-Until the early 1900s, who governed China? • emperors
4-What is a “dynasty?” • A line of rulers from a single family, who held power until it was overthrown. • After it was overthrown, a new leader would start a new dynasty.
5-Who was Confucius and what did he teach? • During the Zhou dynasty, China’s best-known thinker was Confucius • He taught that people should be virtuous, or morally good, as well as loyal to their families. • His way of thinking became known as Confucianism.
6-What three religions have been major influences in East Asia? • Confucianism. • Daoism • Buddhism
DynastyTime Span Han 206 B.C.-A.D. 221 Important inventions and events * Paper was first made *Government officials used paper to keep records. *Encouraged overland trade on the Silk Road
DynastyTime Span Tang A.D. 618-907 SongA.D. 960-1279 Important inventions and events *Built roads and waterways that made travel and trade within China easier. *Mixed iron with coal carbon to produce steel. *Developed a printing process using blocks of wood carved with characters. *Gunpowder, which they used in explosives and fireworks.
DynastyTime Span Ming A.D. 1368-1644 Important inventions and events *Improved the examination system used to hire government officials. *Carried out a census, or a count of the number of people, so they could collect taxes more accurately. *Expanded roads and canals so that rice and other goods could be sent throughout the country. *Built the Forbidden City which was a large area of palaces and gardens that was off-limits to all except top officials. *Staged dramas and wrote novels. *Sent voyages of exploration to South Asia and East Africa
8-Provide details about what happened during Mongol rule of China. • In 1211, Mongol warriors from Central Asia invaded and conquered most of China. • Mongol rulers kept their own languages, laws and customs, yet they relied on Chinese officials to run the government. • Mongol ruled unified China and eventually brought peace to the area. • These stable conditions encouraged trade. • One of the most famous European travelers to reach China was Marco Polo, who came from the city of Venice in Italy. • When Polo finally returned to Europe, he wrote a book about his adventures. It taught many Europeans about China. • In the late 1300s, the Chinese drove out the Mongol invaders and the Ming dynasty arose.
9-How did China influence: • Korea • About 1200BC, Chinese settlers brought their culture to neighboring • Korea. • Later, Buddhism and Confucianism spread from China to Korea • Japan • At the same time, Chinese and Korean culture spread from Korea to • Japan. • As a result, China and Korea both influenced Japan’s civilization. • In the AD 1400s, Japan, once ruled by clans, united under the Yamato • dynasty. • Yamato rulers adopted China’s philosophy, writing system, art, • sciences and form of government.
10-Define “shogun” • military leader. • “emperor’s generals,” they made the laws.
11-Who were the “samurai”? • Landowning warriors • Warrior nobles, they enforced the laws made by the shoguns.
12-What was the samurai code of conduct? • This code demanded that a samurai be loyal to his master as well as brave and honorable.
13-Provide 5 or more facts from the sub-chapter “Southeast Asia.” • Early people grew rice, raised cattle and pigs and made metal goods. • From the 100s BC to the AD 900s, the Chinese ruled much of what is now Vietnam. • Hindu traders from India reached western parts of SE Asia by the AD 100s. • SE Asians blended Hindu and Chinese ways with their own traditions. • During the AD 100s, the Khmer people founded an empire in mainland SE Asia. • They became wealthy from growing rice. • They also built a large temple, the Angkor Wat, based on Indian and local designs. • Muslim Arab traders and missionaries settled coastal areas of SE Asia during the AD 800s. • Eventually many people in these places converted to Islam.
Confucius • He taught that all individuals have duties and responsibilities. If a person acts correctly, the result will be peace and harmony. • His words were used as a guide for living. • People considered his words when making important decisions. • Confucius’s ideas helped to guide Chinese life for hundreds of years.
Teachings of Confucius 1- “Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes” 2- “Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves” 3- “When anger rises, think of the consequences.” 4- “A superior person is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions.” 5- “An oppressive government is more to be feared than a tiger.” 6-“It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.” 7- “Success depends upon preparation, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.”
