medical

1. The term mechanical ventilation is much known in medicine. It is used to help people breathe when they are critically ill and can help them in handling respiratory issues. People related to medicine and physicians would surely know a lot about it but ordinary people need to know about this. There are various ventilators from multiple manufacturers which are used to help patients for respiration. Some of the renowned ventilators like Philips Respironics trilogy ventilator, Newport ht70 plus ventilator, andPuritan Bennett 840 ventilatorare one of the most used ventilators. Many people these days, like to purchase refurbished ventilatorsinstead of the new ones because of affordability. We have discussed types and further modes of natural ventilation in this article which are listed below: Types of Mechanical ventilation: There are two basic types of mechanical ventilation: 1.Invasive Ventilation 2.Non-invasive Ventilation We will discuss the various modes of ventilation and try to understand their applications in various critical medical situations. Ventilation modes are basically categorized in two modes but there are some additional modes of ventilation too. These modes and their further types are given below: Volume cycled ventilation: In this mode of ventilation, the ventilators deliver a predefined volume. The airway pressure, as a result, is not fixed instead it varies in accordance with the elastane and resistance of the respiratory system and the fixed flow rate of air in the respiratory tract. There are two types of volume cycled ventilation namely, ACV (Assist Controlled Ventilation) and SIMV (Synchronized Intermittent-Mandatory Ventilation). In ACV,which is also known as CMV (Controlled Mandatory Ventilation) every breath is controlled breath but with the help of similar fixed volume. Patients who breathe rapidly might feel uneasy with the ACV or CMV. In the case of SIMV, a fixed number of controlled breaths is guaranteed but patients can breathe on their own. This reduces the risk of hyperinflation and alkalosis. This might make a reduced cardiac output which can increase the ventilator dependency. Pressure Cycled ventilation: In this form of mechanical ventilation, a fixed rate of pressure is delivered. The tidal volume varies accordingly with the resistance and elastance of the respiratory system of the patient. The forms of pressure-cycled ventilation are PCV (Pressure Controlled Ventilation), PSV (Pressure Support Ventilation), and NIPPV (Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation) which is further categorized into CPAP (Continuous Positive Air Pressure) and BiPAP (Bi-level Positive Air Pressure). In PCV, each breath below the predefined sensitivity threshold gets full pressure support for a fixed respiratory time. A minimum rate of respiration is upheld through the PCV.

2. In the case of PSV, minimum respiratory rate is not set, instead, breaths are triggered by the patient. The patient is assisted by the ventilator which delivers a pressure continued at a constant level until the condition is back to normal again. The NIPPV is the form of ventilation which involves the process of delivery of positive pressure ventilation through a mask covering nose and mouth. It is of two types, the CPAP and BiPAP. In CPAP constant respiratory pressure with no inspiratory support is maintained throughout the respiratory cycle. Whereas, in BiPAP,both inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressures are already defined and respiration is triggered by patients themselves. Final Words: We have discussed various categories and subcategories of mechanical ventilation used for medical purposes. We hope this would be helpful for patients, medical personnel, caregivers, and everyone who need to know about the mechanical ventilation applied in medicine. Stay healthy!