1 lecture medical ethics and deontology

1. Medical Ethics Done by: Phd of the department of General surgery Rakhimov Azizjon Yakhyoyevich Bukhara 2023

3. Ethics are not … • Ethics is not the same as feelings • Ethics is not religion • Ethics is not following the law • Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms • Ethics is not science

5. ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselvesas friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.

31. Clinical medical ethics is a practical and applied discipline that aims to improve patient care and patient outcomes by focusing on reaching a right and good decision in individual cases. • It focuses on the doctor-patient relationship and takes account of the ethical and legal issues that patients, doctors, and hospitals must address to reach good decisions for individual patients.

32. The content of clinical ethics includes Specific issues such as • 1.truth-telling, • 2.informed consent, • 3.end of life care, • 4. palliative care, • 5.allocation of clinical resources, • 6. the ethics of medical research. The study of the doctor-patient relationship, including such issues as 1. honesty, 2.competence, integrity, 3.respect for persons.

35. Any specialty is characterized by the existence of its own specific ethical norms and rules of behavior. In this regard, medical deontology (from the Greek deon, deontos — duty, due; logos — teaching) is the science of professional duty of medical workers.

36. The range of problems that medical deontology deals with is extremely diverse. These are various issues related to the relationship between the doctor and the patient, the doctor and the patient's relatives, and medical professionals among themselves. Many areas of medicine (surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, Pediatrics, Oncology, psychiatry, etc.) also have their own deontological features

37. Surgery • Only doctor or head of department should tell the illness diagnosis to the patient in understandable fashion • We should give notice the ill’s relatesabout surgery need , especially when it leads to the risks and complications • Compellation to patientmust be respective and gallant: we should compel to the patient on name and patronymic, not just “patient”

38. All the medical workers must interact to each other without additional familiarity in the presence of ills. • Patient is very sensitive to gestures, stares, even to the tone of medical nun so she must express a real compassion, that inspires the diseased and give confidence in treatment

39. Obstetrician-gynaecologist • Independence: patient has a rightto behaveaccording to own principles • Action for good cause: doctor must direct every own effortfor good cause of patient. • Secrets keeping: doctor must keep in silence all the details about patient (medical secret might be disclosed only according to of patientto judgment). • Agreement: every diagnostic and treating actionsis lead only after agreement of patient.

40. Oncologist • Doctor’s purpose is to allay and to prepare the patient psychologically to the future treatment, convincing him or her that this disease is remediable. But it shouldn’t to report the patient about cancer or malignant tumor presence with controversial end. The more patient wants that true is opened to him, the more he’s afraid of this. Single exception is undervaluation of patient with following refused treatment. But even in such casesit’s desirable not to use terms «cancer», «sarcoma».

41. If patients are afraid of future surgery we must explain to patient, thatbefore solving the question of surgeryin the hospital consequent treatment will be lead to him, that accommodates safe surgical interference. • Due to disfiguring effect of cancer surgery, people worry about this. Solution is to say how to hide these defects

42. Pediatrics • «Non nocere!» («Don’t harm!»). Every treatment, action, administration of doctor must be directed for good cause, bring him the benefit • Human life is the highest wealth. • Paternalistic principle is taken by the doctor while child is treating • Contact with a child is necessary because parents fell the confidence for the doctor

43. Pediatrics • We should know how to call off the attention from the fear of child • Hard will even can save the child’s life, because parents sometimes lose their correct perception and wishes

44. Conclusion • Deontology is very useful for us as doctors, because patients need a save feeling, but they are their obstacles to reaching of this feel. Doctors put many powers on wealthy treatment and previous science is a great helper, following m

45. The end !