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Built Environment Sustainability Lecture 14

Built Environment Sustainability Lecture 14. Overview. Forces propelling change Introduction to high performance buildings The USGBC LEED Building Assessment Standard Connection of technology and high performance green buildings Key energy technologies Building hydrologic cycle systems

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Built Environment Sustainability Lecture 14

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  1. Built Environment SustainabilityLecture 14

  2. Overview • Forces propelling change • Introduction to high performance buildings • The USGBC LEED Building Assessment Standard • Connection of technology and high performance green buildings • Key energy technologies • Building hydrologic cycle systems • Materials innovations • Indoor environmental quality strategies • Design for Deconstruction and Disassembly (DfDD) • Summary and Conclusions

  3. General Global Impacts • Rainforest loss: 1 acre/second • Temperate forest loss: 10 million acres/yr • 50% of all forests have disappeared • Grain production is falling • Over 24 billion tons of topsoil are lost annually • Fisheries are being depleted • Humankind is transforming the surface of the Earth, moving 2x as much material as nature • Global warming • Ozone depletion

  4. The 6th Major Extinction? • Fossil record indicates 5 major planetary extinctions: • Ordovician: 440 million years ago • Devonian: 365 million years ago • Permian: 245 million years ago • Triassic: 210 million years ago • Cretaceous: 66 million years ago • Is the 6th major planetary extinction underway? • And is it human instigated?

  5. The Oil Production Rollover Point • Time when the maximum production of oil occurs. • General forecasts are in next 5-15 years • Gasoline prices will rise rapidly: $10/gallon • Energy value of oil will be less than extraction energy • Huge emerging demand from growing economies: China and India

  6. The Built Environment • Comprised of: • Public and commercial buildings • Houses • Industrial plants • Infrastructure (roads, ports, airports) • Impacts (in U.S.) • 40% of extracted materials • 30% of electricity • 35% of total waste (construction & demolition)

  7. Sustainable Construction • Creating and maintaining a healthy, resource-efficient built environment based on ecological principles (CIB TG16, 1994) • Principles and foundation • Targets: Factor 4 and Factor 10 • Timeline: Seven generations or 200 years • All phases of the built environment

  8. Systems underpinning sustainable construction phases

  9. High Performance Green Buildings • Implementation of sustainable construction in buildings • Shift in language: High performance vs. green • Resource efficient: water, energy, materials, land, biota • Factor 10 Reduction: 292 kwhr/m2-yr to 29 kwhr/m2-yr • LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the U.S. green or high performance building standard • U.S. Green Building Council is the proponent of LEED

  10. International Organizations • iiSBE: International Institute for a Sustainable Built Environment • CIB: Conseil Internaional du Batiment • Green Building Challenge (GBC)

  11. National Standards • UK: Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) –Building Research Establishment (BRE) • Japan: CASBEE • Australia: Green Star – Green Building Council of Australia • U.S.: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) – U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

  12. The U.S. Green Building Council • A non-profit promoting green building in the U.S. • Members: product manufacturers, academia, designers, local government, federal government • Creating a suite of LEED standards for new and existing buildings • http://www.usgbc.org

  13. The USGBC LEED Suite of Standards • LEED is a suite of standards • LEED-NC 2.1 New Construction • LEED-EB Existing Buildings • LEED-CI Commercial Interiors • LEED-CS Core and Shell • LEED-Residential (under development) • LEED-NC 2.1 Point System (69 Total Points) • Certified: 26 points • Silver: 33 points • Gold: 39 points • Platinum: 52 points • Created to assess buildings but actually serves to guide design and construction

  14. Growth of Green Building Activity, USGBC

  15. Rinker Hall as a HPB • Designed using the LEED Standard, first gold building in Florida • Will use 1/3 rd the energy of a UF building designed to “code” • Extensive daylighting strategy • Energy shedding building: façade wall as shading device • Automatic lighting controls: on/off, throttling • Stacked air handlers, full 0 to 100% capability • Waste heat recovery system • Advanced building automation system

  16. Rinker Hall (continued) • Materials: • Brick recycled from Hume Hall (demolished 2001) • Recycled asphalt paving and lime rock • Linoleum and recycled content carpet flooring • Designed for Deconstruction • Rainwater harvesting, waterless urinals, low flow fixtures • Capability for deconstruction

  17. Rinker Hall

  18. Rainwater Harvesting System

  19. Skylights and Roof

  20. Benefits of Green Buildings • Lower operating costs: energy, water, waste • Health implications • Workforce productivity • Marketplace comparability • Advantageous financing and incentives • Reductions in emissions • Reduced liability • Positive image

  21. More on Workforce Benefits • Cost of building: $22/ft2 • Energy costs: $2/ft2 • Cost of employees • $140 to $350/ft2 • 10% productivity boost: $14 to $35/ft2 added to bottom line • Problem: very difficult to prove the connection between health, green buildings, and productivity

  22. Technology and the HPB • HPB hold the promise for reduced total building cost and lowered environmental impacts • Both hard and soft technologies are needed to execute a HPB • Hard: products and materials • Soft: processes, methods, simulations • Surge of new products to support HPB design and construction • Movement in this direction is accelerating

  23. Key Energy Technologies • Ground coupling • Heat Pumping • Energy removal ventilators • Radiant cooling • CO2 sensors • Positive Displacement Ventilation • Daylight and occupancy sensor integration • Lights: sodium and LED

  24. Radiant Cooling – Thermal Image

  25. Radiant Cooling - Examples

  26. Radiant Cooling-Examples

  27. Energy Recovery Ventilator

  28. Building Hydrologic Cycle Systems • Rainwater harvesting • Ultra low flow fixtures • Greywater systems • Waterless systems • Integration of natural systems for stormwater uptake and waste processing • Infrared control technologies

  29. Rainwater Harvesting Roof drains Rainwater leaders Concrete cistern -under exterior stair Waterproofing – inside & out Overflow lines to storm system Hatch access for cleaning Make-up from water line

  30. Waterless Urinals

  31. Materials Innovations • Low emissions materials • Use of post-industrial waste in materials: fly ash, gypsum • Use of post-agricultural waste: straw • Products from rapidly renewing species: bamboo, aspen • Buildings that can be deconstructed • Products that can be disassembled, reused, and recycled • Sustainable Forestry

  32. Fly Ash Concrete – Marina City, Chicago

  33. Deconstruction and Reuse: U. of Florida • Brick (right) • Hume Hall demolition • Cleaned & palletized by Students • Stored for use • Irrigation PVC for brick weeps

  34. Rapidly Renewable Material, Certified Wood • Linoleum flooring • Wood doors from certified sustainable forest • Agriboard (pressed straw) cabinetry

  35. Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies • Broad spectrum approach: air, odors, noise, light, temperature, humidity, vibration, views • Low emissions materials • CO2 sensors

  36. IEQ: Daylighting Strategy

  37. CO2 Sensor – Fresh Air Intake Control

  38. Construction IAQ • Eliminate dust, dirt at ductwork • Store products off floor (drywall, insulation) • 100% outside air flush prior to occupancy • No smoking policy during construction

  39. Construction IAQ • Return air filter media • Temporary window protection • Temporary entrance grates

  40. Soft Technologies Simulation Whole Building Energy Simulation; DOE 2.1, Energy-10, Energy Scheming Solar Simulation: DHW, PV, BPV Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Daylighting and lighting Process: Design for deconstruction (DfD) Construction processes: waste, IEQ, erosion control, site disturbance

  41. Closing Materials Loops • Most challenging of all green building issues • Design for Deconstruction and Disassembly (DfDD) • Building Deconstruction: component reuse • Product Disassembly: materials recovery • Materials Recyclability • Coupled with Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)? • CIB Task Group 39 (Deconstruction) • www.cce.ufl.edu

  42. Source: Philip Crowther, TG39 Report, 2000 www.cce.ufl.edu

  43. Deconstruction

  44. Hume Hall Brick into Rinker Hall Wall

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