Thursday 1/21: Columbian Exchange and the Atlantic Slave Trade

1. Thursday 1/21: Columbian Exchange and the Atlantic Slave Trade Bell Work: Have out your homework (North America 20.2) for me to grade

2. Notes: • Complete notes on the Guided Reading sheet: we will go through these terms and complete the guided readings as a class

3. 20.3 The Atlantic Slave Trade: (Draw as Part B)Triangular Trade Raw Materials: Molasses, Rum, Tobacco Guns and Manufactured Goods Middle Passage: Slaves

4. Triangular TradeThe Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three-legged trade network know as the triangular trade. Triangular Trade Animation

5. How did each of the following contribute to the development of the African slave trade? • European colonization of the Americas • Portuguese settlement of Brazil • African rulers • African merchants Slavemaster Brands

6. How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic slave trade? • European Colonization of the Americas • Originally used Native Americans but as die from disease need to bring in Africans Ex. Bartolomé de las Casas recorded the effects of slavery on the Native populations. Following what many others were suggesting, he initially preferred to replace Natives with African slaves to alleviate their suffering.However, he later spoke against African slavery as well once he saw it in action.

7. How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic slave trade? • Portuguese settlement of Brazil • Demand for slaves grows with labor intensive sugar crops (a large % goes to Latin America) • Brutal conditions result in high death rate • Brutal conditions and high male:female slave ratio discourage births • So long as a new supply of slaves is available from Africa, there is no incentive to improve conditions

9. How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic slave trade? • African Rulers • Deliver slaves in exchange for new goods/guns from Europe

10. How did each of the following contribute to the development of the Atlantic slave trade? • African Merchants • Bought/Sold Slaves, Formed new routes around opposing African rulers

11. What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following? • African Societies • Enslaved Africans • American colonies • Present-day American cultures

12. What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following? • African societies • Population loss • Between 1650 and 1900, 10.24 million Africans arrived in the Americas • Introduction of guns spreading warfare • “According to David Stannard's American Holocaust, 50% of African deaths occurred in Africa as a result of wars between native kingdoms, which produced the majority of slaves.”

13. What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following? • Enslaved Africans • Separation from families • Harsh life • Eventual cultural development

14. What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following? • American colonies • Economic Development • Slave labor keeps some colonies alive

15. What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for each of the following? • Present-day African cultures • Culture • Population • 41.1 million: As of July 1, 2008, the estimated population of black residents in the United States, including those of more than one race. They made up 13.5 percent of the total U.S. population. This figure represents an increase of more than half a million residents from one year earlier.

16. Columbian Exchange

17. Eurasian Diseases: plague, smallpox, measles, typhus, TB, influenza; African diseases: malaria, yellow fever Livestock: horses, sheep, cattle, pigs, goats Food: Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, Rice, Chickpeas, Melons, Onions, Sugar, and Fruit Trees Disease: Syphilis Livestock: No significant Food: Corn, Tomatoes, Squash, Beans, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Tobacco, Chocolate, Pineapples, and Cotton Columbian Exchange Old World New World New World Old World

18. Commercial Revolution

19. Inflation

20. Formation of Joint-Stock Companies

21. Growth of Mercantilism

22. HW: • Study Guide! • Not mandatory, but good choice to review everything we covered this week and before finals • We will review before the quiz tomorrow!