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MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND CYBER SECURITY

MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND CYBER SECURITY. Stephen Kiptinness. Mobile Payments. Kenya still a heavy cash based economy with over 90% of transactions being cash based. Very low usage of plastic payments

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MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND CYBER SECURITY

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  1. MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND CYBER SECURITY Stephen Kiptinness A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  2. Mobile Payments • Kenya still a heavy cash based economy with over 90% of transactions being cash based. Very low usage of plastic payments • Mobile payments are most common after cash, include: MPesa, Airtel Money, Orange Money, Essar YuCash, Equity (integrated to Mpesa, Orange and YuCash), Musoni and Paynet. • There are other independent mobile money players including: iPay, PesaPal, M-Payer, Lipuka, Moca, Jambopay, Mobicash, Tangaza & others • The most successful is Mpesa, approximately 98% of all mobile money transactions in Kenya use Mpesa • Innovation through partnerships: Banks, B2C, C2B, B2B, C2C, employment, education, agriculture, • Enabling regulatory framework • M-Shwari-Paperless banking: savings, loans, deposits/withdrawals, A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  3. Mobile Payments • Risks: fraudulent transactions, theft of handsets, system downtime, • Regulatory challenges: Should mobile money be regulated by the telecommunications regulatory (CCK) or the financial service regulator (CBK)? (is the stored value money or a service?), should agents be exclusive or not? • Role of CAK • Consumer welfare, (false/misleading representations, unconscionable conduct ) • Collaborate with sector regulators A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  4. Mobile Cramming • Less of an issue since over 90% of mobile subscribers are pre-paid; nonetheless regulator requires operators to have procedure to ensure billing accuracy (itemised billing is an opt-in), • Regulatory requirements CCK: produce compliance reports, must publish charges, terms and conditions of service, provide consumer information service, • Issues: higher tariffs, • Unique features of prepaid billing: okoa jahazi, high interest repayment • Role of CAK • Availability of consumer information • Monitor any unfair pricing behaviour A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  5. Mobile Security • Issues: • Theft of handsets, • Inefficient porting times and process • Virus and malware in phones • Internet risks • Counterfeit handsets • Offences: Unauthorized access to computer data, access with intent to commit offence, unauthorized interception, unauthorized modification, damaging or denying access, unlawful possession of devices/data, electronic fraud, re-programming a phone, • Role of CAK • Collaborate with law enforcement and sectoral agencies A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  6. Mobile Privacy • Issues: • Right to privacy, not to have your communications infringed. • License condition on observance of confidentiality • Misuse of mobile data/CDR’s by operators • Poor storage standards of mobile data, Sim Card registration details, • Misuse of police powers to obtain mobile data by police • Mobile location apps • Lack of a data protection act • Privacy issues on cloud storage; jurisdictional issues, choice of law/forum, enforcement of court orders extra-territorially • Role of CAK • Collaborate with law enforcement and sectoral agencies A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  7. Consumer Rights-Mobile • Issues: • Consumers blissfully ignorant of their rights as regards, QoS, number portability, billing errors, discriminatory treatment etc • Consumer rights under emergency credit top-up • Dispute resolution, complaints to service providers & to the Regulators • Where or how to obtain information about services on offer • Safety standards on products purchased, counterfeit phones & IMEI, • Disconnection from the PSTN by service providers for counterfeits use • Role of CAK: • Consumer rights awareness programs & advocacy • Availability of information on CAK website • Collaborate with sectoral agencies A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

  8. Enforcement Measures • CAK Investigation into prohibited trade practices & abuse of dominance against Mpesa provider: Mpesa has the widest agent/distributor network country wide whom are required to enter exclusivity arrangements with the service provider. Agents are prohibited from retailing money mobile transfers (MMT) for other service providers whose market penetration is cumulatively less than 98% in terms of subscribers and revenue A Kenyan economy with globally efficient markets and enhanced consumer welfare for shared prosperity

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