Treatments

1. Treatments Marshall Grimm Anna Vigil Jillian Wright

2. Content • Why Some Do Not Seek Help • Medicinal Treatments • Psychotherapy Treatments • Effectiveness Of Treatments

3. Why Some Don’t seek help • People do not realize that their disorder needs to be treated. • There are barriers that stop people from seeking help. • Many do not know where to go for help.

4. People don’t know their disorder can be treated • Cultural Stigmas • Many psychological disorders are not taken seriously. • “Mind over matter” • Origin of psychological disorders are “hidden” • Psychological disorders are signs of personal weakness.

5. Barriers • They should be able to handle the problem by themselves • In a study printed in Cambridge Journals by many psychologists from various universities surveyed those with mental illnesses and found that most desired to handle the problem on their own(42.2%). • Attitudinal factors were much more important than structural factors(97.4% v. 22.2%). • Fear of embarrassment for family • Financial obstacles • Lack of medical insurance for mental health • Treatment providers themselves provide obstacles • Long wait lists • Lack of funding for sufficient staffing • Staff lacks proper education • Cultural and gender factors • A study of college students found that being male predicted negative attitudes towards seeking psychological help.

6. Many do not know where to go for help • Finding the right psychologist is just like trying to find any professional. • There are many different kinds of treatments, each with its own pros and cons. • There are many different types of psychotherapists. • Psychologists • Psychiatrists • Social Workers • Counselors

7. Early Treatments of Psychological Disorders • Trepanation This was “release the evil spirits” taken literally. The town’s physician would drill a hole in the sick person’s skull to release the demons. Consequently, the person often died shortly afterward, or they suffered such brain damage that they remained in a vegetative state for the rest of their lives. • Exorcism Various religious rituals were performed to rid the victim of his demons.  • Hydrotherapy Was another form of treating “possessed” patients: they were shocked “back to their senses” by being submerged in ice-cold water. • Shaving Shaving the pattern of a cross in the hair of the victim’s head • Binding Securing sufferers to a wall near the front of a church so that they might benefit from hearing the Mass.

8. Medications • Antipsychotics Used to treat schizophrenia • Antianxiety Most antianxiety medications are benzodiazepines a form of tranquilizer. Doctors are relatively cauties when prescribing, due to the potential for abuse. • Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers MAOI’s (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) – Introduced in the 1950’s, rarely prescribed due to side effects. Tricyclic Andtipderessants – also introduced in the 1950’s, used much less frequently because of side effects. SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) – One of the most common antidepressant SNRI’s (serotonin and norepineprhine reuptake inhibitor) – newly introduced with fewer side effects. • Herbal and Natural Products Easily available over the counter, less expensive and are perceived as “natural” alternatives to “drugs.” Used by those whom medications do not work or the side effects are intolerable.

9. Biological Treatments Used by some people for whom medications do not work or side effects are intolerable. • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) AKA shock therapy. Involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electric shock to the brain. • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Placing powerful pulsed magnet over a person’s scalp which alters neuronal activity in the brain. • Psychosurgery Surgical destruction of specific brain areas.

10. Ten Most Diagnosed Mental Disorders 26.2% or 1 in 4 adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year • Mood Disorders 20.9 million adults or 9.5% • Anxiety Disorders 40 million adults or 18.1% • Phobias Social 8.9% Specific 8.7% Agoraphobia 0.8% • Personality Disorders 6 million adults or 2.7% • Bipolar Disorder 5.7 million adults or 2.6% • ADHD 4.1% • Eating Disorders Anorexia 0.6% Bulimia 1% Binge eating 2.8% • Schizophrenia 2.4 million adults or 9.5% • Autism Spectrum Disorders 8 year olds 1 in 10

11. Interaction between a therapist and someone with psychological problems. Psychological Therapies Psycho Dynamic Therapy Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Humanistic and Existential Therapies Groups in Therapy

12. Psychodynamic Therapy • seeks to increase a client's self-awareness and understanding of how the past has influenced present thoughts and behaviors, by exploring their unconscious patterns. • Psychoanalysis • Aggressive and sexual urges presented from childhood • Focus on early childhood events • Takes 2 to 3 years to complete therapy • Transference can occur

13. Behavioral therapies • Behavioral Therapy is effective for individuals who require treatment for some sort of behavior change, such as addictions, phobias and anxiety disorders • Concentrates on the “here” and “now” • Eliminates unwanted behavior • Promotes desired behaviors • Reducing unwanted emotional responses

14. Cognitive therapies • Cognitive Therapy involves learning how to identify and replace distorted thoughts and beliefs • Concentrates on the clients thinking about self, others, or the world • Cognitive restructuring • Turns the way you think into a positive more realistic way • Mindfulness meditation • To be fully present in each moment • Detects symptoms before they become a problem • To be aware of all feelings, and sensations

15. cognitive Behavioral therapies • involves changing the way you think (cognitive) and how you respond to these thoughts (behavior). • Usually used with anxiety and depression • “problem focused” • Reduces panic attack • “action oriented” • You must do things to face your phobias

16. Humanistic and existential therapies • This approach focuses on recognizing human capabilities in areas such as creativity, personal growth and choice. • Humanistic therapy focuses on how a person sees themselves • Helps them to recognize their strengths • Person-centered therapy • Existential therapy focuses on increasing self awareness and broaden their views on the world • Gestalt therapy • all of us have had to repress or suppress aspects of ourselves because they were not accepted or supported.

17. Groups in therapies • Multiple participants work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere. • For people who have a common problem, such as substance abuse. • Forced to get along with their peers in the group • Helps those that are socially awkward • Shows clients that they are not alone with with their problems

18. Treatment Effectiveness • Like physical health, mental health is dependent on the person. • Each treatment has its pros and cons. • Many psychologists believe that each treatment may be more effective for specific disorders.