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Psychological Testing

Psychological Testing. Principle Types of Psychological Tests. Mental ability tests Intelligence – general Aptitude – specific Personality scales Measure motives, interests, values, and attitudes. Key Concepts in Psychological Testing. Standardization Test norms Standardization group

megan-cabrera
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Psychological Testing

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  1. Psychological Testing

  2. Principle Types of Psychological Tests • Mental ability tests • Intelligence – general • Aptitude – specific • Personality scales • Measure motives, interests, values, and attitudes

  3. Key Concepts in Psychological Testing • Standardization • Test norms • Standardization group • Reliability • Correlation coefficient • Validity • Content validity • Criterion-related validity • Construct validity

  4. Classical Test Theory • Goal of testing is to identify subject’s “true score” on a given attribute. Classical Test Theory says… Test Score = True Score + Error of Measurement Goal of test developers is to minimize this!

  5. Sources of Measurement Error • Where do these measurement errors come from? • Item sampling error • Internal consistency error • Time sampling error • Random error

  6.  Testing • How do psychologists know how well their test is measuring a person’s true score? • By assessing test reliability Assesses Time sampling error Test-Retest reliability Alternate or Parallel Form reliability Internal Consistency reliability Assesses Item sampling error Assesses Internal consistency error

  7. Test-Retest Reliability

  8. Correlation Matrix Q9 Q10 Q17 Q18 Q9 1.0000 Q10 .1829 1.0000 Q17 .1888 .5718 1.0000 Q18 .1730 .4031 .5302 1.0000 Scale Scale Corrected Mean Variance Item- Squared Alpha if Item if Item Total Multiple if Item Deleted Deleted Correlation Correlation Deleted Q9 8.9250 8.4753 .2220 .0494 .7513 Q10 9.4750 6.2272 .5460 .3452 .5655 Q17 9.2875 5.3720 .6160 .4367 .5080 Q18 9.1750 6.8804 .5141 .2999 .5930 Reliability Coefficients 4 items Alpha = .6846 Standardized item alpha = .6749 I am carefree I am rarely overcome with worries I am not a worrier I rarely feel fearful or anxious Judging Internal Consistency Anxiety Scale Items 9. I am carefree 10. I am rarely overcome with worries 17. I am not a worrier 18. I rarely feel fearful or anxious

  9.  Testing • How do psychologists know their test is measuring what they think it is measuring? • By assessing test validity • Content validity • Criterion-related validity • Construct validity

  10. Fig. 9-4, p. 339

  11. Fig. 9-5, p. 340

  12. Assessing Construct Validity Convergent Construct Validity Divergent Construct Validity Our measure of extraversion should be correlated with things related to extraversion Our measure of extraversion should not be correlated with things unrelated to extraversion

  13. Correlations HEIGHT SHOE EXTRA202 HEIGHT 1.000 .857 ** -.085 SHOE .857 ** 1.000 .039 Impatience Scale -.085 .039 1.000 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Correlations ‘02 ‘03 Impatience Scale ‘02 1.000 .275 * Impatience Scale ‘03 .275 * 1.000 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Assessing Construct Validity Convergent Construct Validity Divergent Construct Validity Our measure of impatience should be correlated with things related to impatience. Our measure of impatience should not be correlated with things unrelated to impatience.

  14.  Testing • Utility of Psychological Tests • Reliability • Alternate or Parallel Form • Internal Consistency • Test-Retest • Validity • Content • Criterion-Related • Construct

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