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Lumbar Spine

Lumbar Spine. Todd McCall, M.D. Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery. Symptoms Back pain Degenerative disc disease Facet arthropathy Compression fracture Radiculopathy Herniated disc Synovial cyst. Radiographic findings Stenosis Spondylolisthesis. Introduction. Red flags.

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Lumbar Spine

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  1. Lumbar Spine Todd McCall, M.D. Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery

  2. Symptoms Back pain Degenerative disc disease Facet arthropathy Compression fracture Radiculopathy Herniated disc Synovial cyst Radiographic findings Stenosis Spondylolisthesis Introduction Red flags

  3. Common causes Myofascial Hip arthritis SI joint Lumbar Spine Degenerative disc disease Facet arthropathy Compression fx (osteoporosis) Scoliosis Less common causes Metastasis History of cancer Unexplained weight loss Discitis / Osteomyelitis Recent infection or fever Traumatic injury Recent fall, etc Back pain

  4. Back Pain • Typically start with 4-8 week course of PT (unless red flag present) • Water therapy for unloading • Useful clinical information • Core strengthening • Traction, TENS, etc. • Meds: NSAIDs (avoid narcotics) • If fail initial treatments, then get imaging studies

  5. Degenerative disc disease

  6. Bone scan • text

  7. Facet arthropathy

  8. Increasing incidence with aging population Pain worse with axial loading Treatments: Watch Bracing PT Kyphoplasty Important to treat underlying osteoporosis Compression fx (osteoporotic)

  9. Imaging studies X-rays Good for screening CT MRI contrast Bone scan Compression fx (osteoporotic)

  10. Radiculopathy • Due to nerve irritation or compression • Symptoms • Pain / tingling • Numbness • Weakness • L4/5: ADF, foot drop • L5/S1: APF

  11. Radiculopathy: herniated disc • Treatment • Meds (steroid) • PT • ESI • Surgery

  12. Cauda equina syndrome • Usually due to massive disc herniation • L4/5 most common level • Often underlying stenosis • Symptoms • Urinary retention (most sensitive) • Incontinence (overflow) • Saddle anesthesia (anus, genitals, perineum) • Weakness (often multiple myotomes) • Pain SURGICAL EMERGENCY

  13. Cauda equina syndrome normal

  14. Radiculopathy: synovial cyst

  15. Stenosis • Due to: • Disc bulging • Lig. flavum hypertrophy • Facet arthropathy • Spondylolisthesis • Synovial cysts

  16. Stenosis • Neurogenic claudication • Pain in legs worse with walking, alleviated with rest • Symptoms better with flexion (leaning over shopping cart) • Opens central canal • Treatment • PT (traction) • ESI • Surgical decompression

  17. Symptoms Back pain Neurogenic claudication central canal stenosis Radiculopathy lateral recess stenosis neuroforaminal stenosis Spondylolisthesis

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