Huck Finn and Film

1. Huck Finn and Film TQPG Summer 2011 Monaghan

2. Essential questions: • How can we help students develop “critical film literacy”? • To what extent might film versions of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be used in the classroom?

3. Attitude Inventory: Feature “Hollywood” films are good resources to use in class.

4. Rationale for using film: • Student consumption

5. Student consumption of film: • Teens make up 16% of population, but are 26% of movie-going population (Rauzi, in Strasburger, 2001) • Marcus (2003) studied HS students and found: Forrest Gump (86%) Pearl Harbor (61%) Apollo 13 (80%) Glory (55%) Saving Private Ryan (75%)

6. Rationale for using film: • Student consumption • Relationship to curricular topics

7. Presence of historical themes in film: • From 1986- 2010, 15 of 23 Academy Award winners for best picture had historical themes Dances with Wolves (1990) Schindler’s List (1993) Forrest Gump (1994) Titanic (1997) Gladiator (2000) The Hurt Locker (2009) The King’s Speech (2010)

8. Rationale for using film: • Student consumption • Relationship to curricular topics • Students encounter films outside of the classroom into adulthood

9. Critical film literacy: • Important to teach students “critical film literacy” (Marcus, 2005) • Ability to critically analyze a film as they would other primary, secondary sources

10. Trustworthiness (Marcus, 2007) • Students tend to trust films shown in school because they believe they have the endorsement of the teacher • Students tend to trust films that: - Agree with other sources, prior knowledge • Depict real people, real events • Are “made well” • Students tend to trust films if they are not presented with conflicting or supplementary evidence, information

11. Critical Film Literacy: • Consider multiple perspectives • Develop empathy • Reinforce content: facts, ideas, concepts • Reveal insights about the time period in which it was created

12. The Blob (1958)

13. Critical Film Literacy (Marcus, 2005) • Teachers can enhance by presenting students with information related to the film’s: • Creation • Distribution • Content • Director’s mission • Public reception • Exploration, critique of the film’s narrative and portrayal of literature, historical events

14. Huck Finn and Film • To what extent might film versions of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be used in the classroom? “Whenever a book is adapted into a movie, there are sacrifices and interpretations that must be made because the totality of the written work cannot possibly be translated to the screen. These choices can become exceptionally difficult when the work is one as widely-read and well-beloved as Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” -James Berardinelli

16. The Adventures…(1939) • Adapted freely • “If you’re a die-hard Mark Twain enthusiast, you might want to avert your eyes.” • Well-received, but criticized as a work of Twain (i.e. New York Times Review)

17. What does it tell us about 1939? • Gone with the Wind • Wizard of Oz • Wuthering Heights • Mr. Smith Goes to Washington • Stagecoach

18. What does it tell us about 1939? • Considered progressive in its depiction of the relationship between Huck and Jim as the “moral core” of the film • The power of MGM

19. Power of MGM • “Rooney would say years later, ‘MGM was this vast factory, the General Motors of the movie business, dedicated to Mr. Mayer's views of morality, and to mass entertainment.’ …Mayer, whether he was aware of it or not, played a large role in helping America define itself during the Thirties and Forties.”

22. The Adventures…(1960) • Starring Eddie Hodges (Huck), Tony Randall (King), and Archie Moore (Jim) • Archie Moore: “Long-time light-heavyweight boxing champ who holds the record for most career knockouts, scores an acting KO as Jim.” • MGM's lavish color remake

23. What does it tell us about 1960? • Perpetuates the saccharine fantasy of '50s life • “…[Huck’s] relentless perkiness and Shirley Temple line readings make for a kiddies-only characterization. Boxer Archie Moore is equally stiff in his film debut as a dull-witted Jim. Shticky acting all around conveniently keeps questions, ethical and otherwise, out of the picture.”- Winecoff, 1993

26. The Adventures…(1974) • IT’S A MUSICAL!! • Somber songs, with stripped down dialogue • Reflection of post-Vietnam America? • “Paul Winfield plays Jim with such anachronistic coolness that he never really seems in danger” –Winecoff

29. The Adventures…(1993) • Disney • Heartwarming and fun, with some pointed moments • Well-acted • Most aesthetically familiar for students

32. The Adventures…(2007) • Originally aired on PBS in 1985 • Most detailed by far • 214 minutes, continuous DVD

34. Huck Finn and Film • None of the films follow the book with fidelity • Several commercial successes, but little critical acclaim • Is there any value, then, in using these films to supplement lesson plans?

35. Lesson plan ideas? • Evaluate film as a reflection of the time • Compare depictions of Huck, Jim, other characters over time • Hypothesize plot variations, directors motivations given the overall creation of the film • Others?