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ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah. AP World Mr. Owen. History of Arabia. Arabian Peninsula was largely desert Sedentary people Made their living farming Nomads “ Bodouins ” Lived in the desert They were warriors. History of Arabia. Most people of Arabia were Polytheist

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ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

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  1. ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah AP World Mr. Owen

  2. History of Arabia • Arabian Peninsula was largely desert • Sedentary people • Made their living farming • Nomads “Bodouins” • Lived in the desert • They were warriors

  3. History of Arabia • Most people of Arabia were Polytheist • They worshiped many gods • Mecca was the religious center Arabia • Home of the Ka’ba • Mecca was controlled by the Quraysh tribe

  4. The Messenger and the Message • Muhammad Ibn Abdullah • 610 Revelations began • Radically new teachings

  5. The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

  6. IslamAn Abrahamic Religion • Muslims are strict monotheists. • They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they callAllah. • Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book

  7. The Origins of the Qur’an • Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. • 622 Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina.* The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) • Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

  8. The Qur’an • Muslims believe it contains the word of God. • 114 suras (chapters). • In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. • Written in Arabic.

  9. The Five Pillars of Islam

  10. 1. The Shahada • The testimony. • The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, andMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet]. 1

  11. 2. The Salat • The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day:* dawn* noon* late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed • Wash before praying. • Face Mecca and use a prayer rug. 2

  12. 2. The Salat • The call to prayer by themuezzin in the minaret. • Pray in the mosque on Friday. 2

  13. The Mosque • The Muslim place of worship.

  14. 3. The Zakat • Almsgiving (charitable donations). • Muslims believe that all things belong to God. • Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” • About 2.5% of your income. 3

  15. 4. The Sawm • Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. • Considered a method of self- purification. • No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4

  16. Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday.

  17. 5. The Hajj • The pilgrimage to Mecca. • Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. • 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. 5

  18. 5. The Hajj • Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the titlehajji to their name. 5

  19. 6. Jihad “Struggle” • Jihad is sometimes considered the sixth pillar • “Greater Jihad” • “Lesser Jihad” 6

  20. The Prophet Mohammed (570-632) • Early Resistance to Islam • Islam polarized Meccan society • Muhammad insisted the cults of other gods should be abandoned in favor of Allah

  21. The Prophet Mohammed (570-632) • The Hijra • 622 Disillusioned with Mecca Muhammad decided to head to Medina • Oases city 200 miles North of Mecca • Muhammad was particularly interested in Medina because of the Jewish population • Conflict with the Jews • Success in Medina

  22. The Making of Arab Empire

  23. Muslim Caliphate – 750 CE

  24. War and Conquest • How did it Happen? • Bodouins Traditions • Byzantine and Persian Empires were weakened • Reasons?

  25. Conversion to Islam • “Social Conversion” • Religious Kinship • Connection to Powerful State • Resistance

  26. Divisions in the Islamic World Caliph 1: Abu Bakr X Caliph 2: Umar New Prophets Rightly Guided Caliphs Caliph 3: Uthman Caliph 4: Ali

  27. Shia / Sunnia Divide Rightly Guided Caliphs Shia Muslims *opponents of privilege Sunni Muslims

  28. Rightly Guided Caliphs Shia Sunni Umayyad (661–750) Abbasid (750)

  29. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.

  30. Other Islamic Religious Practices • Up to four wives allowed at once. • No alcohol or pork. • No gambling. • Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. • Three holiest cities in Islam:* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

  31. Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

  32. The Spread of Islam • Easy to learn and practice. • No priesthood. • Teaches equality. • Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. • Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes. • Jihad(“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

  33. Muslims in the WorldToday

  34. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

  35. Islam in America

  36. Muslims in America

  37. Muslim Culture in NYC The Islamic Center, New York City

  38. Islam in America After September 11?

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