運輸組織與管理報告 Organizational Innovation and Change 組織創新與變革

運輸組織與管理報告Organizational Innovation and Change組織創新與變革指導教授: 任維廉教授報告學生: 蔡承恩 2011/12/15

自我介紹 • 蔡承恩 • 台北人 • 交大運管所 • (黃寬丞老師LAB) • 興趣：籃球、國外旅行 • (享受異國風情與文化)

簡報大綱 • 1.為何需要變革？如何變革？ • 2.策略種類的變革 • 3.實現的變革 • 4. Q&A

1. 環境中的力量促使需求 • 全球化變革, 競爭與市場 • Technological Change • International Economic Integration • Maturation of Markets in Developed Countries • Fall of Communist and Socialist Regimes • 更多威脅 • More domestic competition • Increased Speed • International competition • 更多機會 • Bigger markets • Fewer barriers • More international markets • 組織中更多大規模的變革 • Structure change Mergers, joint ventures, consortia • Strategic change Horizontal organizing, teams, networks • Culture change New technologies, products • Knowledge management, enterprise New business processes • resource planning E-business • Quality programs Learning organizations

2. 策略種類的變革

變革 • Type of changes（變革） • Incremental changes（漸進式變革） • Radical changes（激進式變革） • Elements for successful changes Internal Creativity and Inventions Suppliers Professional Associations Consultants Research literature Organization 1. Ideas 3. Adoption 4.Implementation 2. Needs Customers Competition Legislation Regulation Labor force 5. Resources Perceived Problems or Opportunities

Continuous progression Paradigm-breaking burst • 漸進式變革激進式變革 Affect Organizational part Transform entire organization Through normal structure and management processes Create new structure and management Breakthrough technology Technology improvements Product improvement New products, new markets

科技變革 • General Manager Creative Department Expand capabilities — Explore and develop new ideas (Organic structure) 有機組織 Using Department Exploit capabilities — Routine application of new ideas (Mechanistic structure) 機械組織 • Switching structures -- brainstorm new ideas • Creative departments -- organic and mechanistic • Venture teams -- new-venture fund • Corporate entrepreneurship -- idea or management champion

To be both an organic and mechanistic, managers implement an ambidextrous approach • Structures and management processes that push innovation

新產品成功率

Organization Environment Environment 新產品和服務 • Market success rate for R&D projects: 14%→ Customer’s need ! General Manager Technical Developments Customer Needs Coord R&D Department Coord Marketing Department Coord Coord Coord Production Department

Reasons for success: • Innovating companies understand customers • Innovating companies successfully use technology • Top management supports innovation • Horizontal Coordination Model: • Specialization • Boundary Spanning • Horizontal Coordination

策略和結構的變革 Dual Core Approach Type of Innovation Desired • Administrative changes -Design and structure of a organization -control and information systems, authority hierarchy and departmental grouping.

文化變革 • Forces for culture change • Reengineering/Horizontal organization • Diversity • The learning organization (organization development; OD) • OD culture changes interventions（干預） • Large group intervention • Team building • Interdepartmental(跨部門) activities

3. 為實現變革的策略 • Most important crucial and difficult. • Leadership for change

為實現變革的策略 • Barriers to change • Excessive focus on costs • Failure to perceive benefits • Lack of coordination and cooperation • Uncertainty avoidance • Fear if loss of power or status • Techniques for implementation • Establish a sense of urgency for change • Establish a coalition to guide the change • Create a vision and Strategy for change • Develop plans to overcome resistance to change • Create change teams • Foster idea champions

設計要點 • Change, not stability is the challenge for managers • There are four types of change • Organic structures foster innovation • A top-down approach is best for change and strategy • Top managers must foster culture change • The implementation of change can be difficult

4. Q&A • 創新和變革在企業中時常發生，如何界定兩者的不同？ • 通常變革會帶來員工的抗拒，如何解決？

運輸組織與管理報告 Organizational Innovation and Change 組織創新與變革