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Toxicology

Toxicology. The Respiratory system. Direct target of toxicity from exposure to many airborne chemicals. Provides an early warning detection system. Provides an exposure pathway for systemic exposure to many toxicants. Is an important organ system for many xenobiotic biotransformation.

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Toxicology

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  1. Toxicology The Respiratory system

  2. Direct target of toxicity from exposure to many airborne chemicals. • Provides an early warning detection system. • Provides an exposure pathway for systemic exposure to many toxicants. • Is an important organ system for many xenobiotic biotransformation. Toxicological perspectives

  3. The average adult inhales approximately 12kg of air daily. • Incidents like the accidental release of 40 tons of methyl isocynates in Bhopal, India. • Handling and milling grain releases atmospheric dust that may provokes asthmatic attack. • Respiratory system play role in the recognition, metabolism, detoxification, elimination of xenobiotics Respiratory system

  4. The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. • Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. • Together, the lungs contain approximately 2,400 kilometers of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about 70 square meters in adults. • Each lung weighs 1.1 kilograms therefore making the entire organ about 2.3 kilograms. Lungs

  5. Nasopharyngeal • Tracheobronchial • Pulmonary Functional division of respiratory system

  6. Inhalation of aerosolized toxin opening of sodium channels release of neurotransmitters autonomic nerve ending airway smooth muscles depolarization contraction Mechanism action of aerosolized toxins

  7. Systemic toxicities through respiratory exposure

  8. Gases • Vapor • Aerosols • Dusts • Fumes • Smoke • Fog • Smog Nomenclature of airborne toxicants

  9. Irritative or inflammatory • Bronchoconstructive • Fibrotic • Oncogenetic • Necrotic Respiratory system injury

  10. OZONE(O3) • Sulfur dioxide(SO2) • Nitrogen dioxide(NO2) • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Lead (Pb) Air pollutants

  11. Asbestosis

  12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

  13. Centrilobular emphysema

  14. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

  15. Normal Chest X-Ray and Lung

  16. Chest X-Ray and Diseased Lung

  17. Bronchoscope

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