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16110 Energy & the Environment

16110 Energy & the Environment. Registrar: Dr Andy Grant James Weir building, room M610 andy@esru.strath.ac.uk Printed notes available from Central Services, James Weir building room M651. Long wave radiation to space 122.5 . 10 15 W. Reflected short wave radiation, 52.5 . 10 15 W.

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16110 Energy & the Environment

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  1. 16110 Energy & the Environment Registrar: Dr Andy Grant James Weir building, room M610 andy@esru.strath.ac.uk Printed notes available from Central Services, James Weir building room M651

  2. Long wave radiation to space 122.5 . 1015 W Reflected short wave radiation, 52.5 . 1015 W Incoming solar energy, 175 . 1015 W Atmosphericboundary Convection currents (wind and ocean waves), 368 . 1012 W Evaporation of water, heating of water & ice. 40 . 1015 W Photosynthesis on land and sea, 98 . 1012 W Direct conversion to heat, 82 . 1015 W Tidal energy (moon and sun), 3 . 1012 W Geothermal energy, 32 . 1012 W Surface of the earth Formation of fossil fuels, 13 . 106 W Energy from the sun

  3. FOSSIL FUELS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES NUCLEAR POWER ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY BUILT ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORT Energy production, conversion and distribution to demand sectors

  4. Abbreviations in SI Units 10 -12 Pico 10 3 Kilo 10 -9 Nano 10 6 Mega (million) 10 -6 Micro 10 9 Giga (billion) 10 -3 Milli 10 12 Tera 10 15 Peta 10 18 Exa

  5. Energy Conversion Factors 1 kW-hour = 3600 kilojoules (kJ); the Joule is the basic SI unit of energy. (1 Joule = 1 Watt for 1 second) 1 barrel of oil = 0.136 tonnes; energy content = 1.64 MW-hour (1 barrel) = 12 MW-hour (1 tonne). 1 kW-hour = 3412 British Thermal Units (Btu) = 860 . 103 Calories = 0.0335 therms

  6. Energy consumption per capita remains fairly static in most developed countries, but is rising steadily elsewhere.

  7. Kyoto Protocol, 1997 Greenhouse gases listed: • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Nitrous oxide (N2O) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) • Methane (CH4) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

  8. UK commitments 12.5% reduction in 6 Kyoto greenhouse gases by 2008 – 2012, relative to emissions in 1990. Labour manifesto objective to cut CO2 emissions by 20%, by year 2010. Policy statements: UK: 10% of electricity from renewables by 2010 Scotland: 15% of electricity from renewables by 2010 40% of electricity from renewables by 2020

  9. Sources of UK electricity production

  10. Sources of UK electricity production

  11. Sources of UK electricity production

  12. FOSSIL FUELS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES NUCLEAR POWER ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY BUILT ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORT Energy production, conversion and distribution to demand sectors

  13. Heat rejection Steam turbine Generator HP ~ LP Fuel supply Superheated steam Wet steam Heat rejection Condenser Pump Combustion Water Fossil fuel electricity generating plant

  14. Drax coal-fired power station Largest in the UK, rated at 3.6 GW electrical output.

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