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Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010

Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010. www.sunherald.com. Biological and Physical Importance. Diversity Fisheries and leisure Protection from storms Endemic spp. Marshbirds. 40%. 30%. * Adapted from McFadden et al. 2007. 37%. 32%. 20%. Saltmarsh converted to open water

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Lecture 18 Case Studies II April 6, 2010

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  1. Lecture 18Case Studies IIApril 6, 2010

  2. www.sunherald.com Biological and Physical Importance • Diversity • Fisheries and leisure • Protection from storms • Endemic spp. • Marshbirds

  3. 40% 30% *Adapted from McFadden et al. 2007 37% 32% 20% Saltmarsh converted to open water Predicted between 2000 - 2060 26% 26% 10% 0% Texas Louisiana Alabama Florida Threats to the Gulf

  4. The Birds of North America Life history characteristics Thin as a rail Coloration Other attributes

  5. Purpose and Goals of Study

  6. OCCUPANCY OF SELECT MARSH BIRDS WITHIN TIDAL MARSHES OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO: CURRENT ESTIMATES AND PROJECTED CHANGE

  7. Current 1 m sea-level rise www.flood.firetree.net Projections and Anticipations • Study rationale • Loss of area • Loss of edge • Loss of interspersion • Increased saline incursion

  8. Marsh Bird Surveys: Methods Least Bittern, Seaside Sparrow, Common Moorhen, Purple Gallinule, and Clapper Rail AL: 2004 -108 survey points MS: 2005 -119 survey points 2 surveys per point Species detected at < 100m

  9. 1000m Landscape Features * Used GIS to Calculate % of landscape developed within 1000m of survey points

  10. JUNCUS GIS for Landscape Features INTERSPERSION EDGE AREA

  11. INTERSPERSION JUNCUS Clapper Rail Occupancy

  12. Clapper Rail Response • What could this mean and why • Study caveats • number of surveys • area covered • non-linear responses, etc.

  13. VARIATION IN THE NESTING HABITS OF CLAPPER RAILS IN RESPONSE TO TIDAL MARSH HABITAT

  14. Focal Estuaries Pascagoula Marsh Coastal Preserve Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

  15. Habitat DifferencesPascagoula 4500 ha Hydrology – river-dominated Habitats: Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Oligo to mesohaline (salinity range) Unique (Odum, Wilson, Elueterius)

  16. Grand Bay 7000 ha Hydrology – marine-dominated Habitats: Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Meso to polyhaline (salinity range) Unique (Odum, Wilson)

  17. Clapper Rail Nest Success • Factors affecting nest success • Flooding / predation • Why study nest success • Why important – future trends

  18. Nest data collection • Nest location • Nest data collection • Veg data • Nest success

  19. Percent nest loss to flooding Nests and Habitat • Monitored 76 nests (54 at Pascagoula, 22 Grand Bay) • Nest success loss was low (10 at Pascagoula, 5 at Grand Bay)

  20. Vegetation height Clapper Rail nests Control points Vegetation height (cm) Stem density Stem density (m2) Nests and Habitat

  21. Nest success

  22. CLAPPER RAIL DIET COMPOSITION AND EGG RESOURCES VARY ACROSS TWO HYDROLOGICALLY DYNAMIC ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS

  23. Clapper Rail Diet Baises in gut content analysis Feeding studies Assimilation relationships Why is it important to study diet

  24. Stable Isotopes and Estuaries Spartina: C4 Juncus: C3 Distinct Carbon Isotopic Signature SpartinaJuncus -14 ‰ -26 ‰ Odum, W.E. 1988. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19:147-176.

  25. Isotopes and Tissues pectoral muscle Reflects diet over several weeks to months liver Reflects diet over several hours to days egg yolk Reflects diet over several hours to days

  26. 8 Source A Source B 6 4 Source C Population B 2 Population A -27 -25 -23 -21 -19 Niche Breadth and Diet d15N (‰) d13C (‰)

  27. Collection

  28. Estuarine Differences: Hydrology, Food web differences Egg yolk Pascagoula Liver Grand Bay Muscle

  29. Trophic Niche Breadth

  30. Egg Yolk Lipids and Fiddler Crabs 0.8 0.7 0.6 Proportion of lipids in egg yolks 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Fiddler crab burrows/0.5 m2

  31. 0.7 Clapper Rails and Fiddler Crabs 0.6 Proportion of egg yolk lipid 0.5 0.4 0.3 Fiddler crab burrows (0.5 m2) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Grand Bay Pasc. Grand Bay Pasc. Grand Bay Pasc. 2006 2007 2008 Estuary/year

  32. Fiddler Crab Life History

  33. Rain and Distributions

  34. Projected Precipitation Change

  35. Current 1 m sea-level rise www.flood.firetree.net Predicted Habitat Change

  36. THE INFLUENCE OF ACID RAIN ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PURPLE MARTINS: A CONTINENT-WIDE, MULTI-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

  37. Purple Martin

  38. Outline • Acid Rain and Songbirds • Purple Martins Methods • Project Martinwatch • Precipitate Components • Soil pH Results • Acid Rain and Purple Martins

  39. Acid Rain SO2 Source USA 1998 Transportation 7% Other 8% Industrial Sources 15% Fuel Combustion 3% Electrical Utilities 67% NO3 Source USA 1998 Electrical Utilities 25% Other 5% Transportation 53% Industrial Sources 12% Fuel Combustion 5% Abstracted from Environment Canada www. ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html

  40. Acid Rain and Songbirds www.courses.washington.edu/vertebra/453/photos/sk

  41. Environmental Calcium M. Gillilland www.msu.edu/~gillilla/snailsofmich.html

  42. Acid Rain and Wood Thrush Hames et al. 2002

  43. Purple Martin

  44. Project Martinwatch

  45. www.geographynetwork.com Locations for This Study

  46. National Atmospheric Deposition Program www. nadp.sws.uiuc.edu

  47. Soil pH WWW.STATSGO.COM

  48. Age Effects

  49. Adult Age Effects Brood Size Male ASY Female ASY Male ASY Female SY Male SY Female ASY Male SY Female SY

  50. House Type

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