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Bluetooth Technology

Bluetooth Technology. By, Ms.Vicky HSU Rajan Avudaiappan Computer Networks-I [A1604] SVU CS-426. Introduction. Originally developed by: Ericsson Mobile Communication (Sweden) Initiated the study (1994)

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Bluetooth Technology

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  1. Bluetooth Technology By, Ms.Vicky HSU Rajan Avudaiappan Computer Networks-I [A1604] SVU CS-426

  2. Introduction • Originally developed by: • Ericsson Mobile Communication (Sweden) • Initiated the study (1994) • Low power, low cost radio interference between mobile phones and its accessories • Eliminate cables between the devices • Later IBM, INTEL, Nokia & Toshiba formed the “Bluetooth Special Internet Group (SIG)” [1998] • Developed Bluetooth 1.0 Specification (1999) • Promoter group: Microsoft, Motorola, 3Com and Lucent

  3. Bluetooth History • Harald Bluetooth Gormson • Name of a king (Denmark, 10th century) • To honor him for his contributions for communication technology

  4. Bluetooth!! • Bluetooth networking standard is: • a set of rules for radio frequencies & • communication (Voice and Data application) [i.e.] • Bluetooth: • A physical standard for radio signals • Part of radio spectrum with ISM devices (Industrial, Scientific and Medical Devices) • Operates in 2.45 GHz range of RF spectrum • A protocol standard communications

  5. Bluetooth communication • Uses different radio waves to communicate • Perfect for short range communication • Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread- Spectrum) • Doesn’t interfere with other • Support 8 connection [ < 10 meter ] • Switches b/w 79 frequencies (random) or Channel

  6. Bluetooth communication • Bluetooth Device • Changes frequencies - 1600 times / Sec • (Disturbance could be avoided) • Piconet • It is a type of network connection • (Generated by the Bluetooth devices) • Bluetooth – Other Bluetooth devices • able to connect automatically • (in discoverable mode)

  7. Bluetooth classification • Based on the power levels • Based on maximum transmission capacity Classification Power level Capacity Class I 20 dBm 100 m Class II 0-4 dBm 10 m Class III 0 dBm 1 m

  8. Bluetooth operation • Bluetooth: Radio • Bluetooth RF (Physical layer) • Operates in the unlicensed ISM band (2.4 GHz) • It makes use of a frequency hop transceiver • To prevent interference and fading • To make available of many FHSS carriers • It makes use of a binary FM (to reduce transceiver complexity) • Data rate - up to 1 Mbps • ‘Radio channel’is shared by devices (group) • They are synchronized to a common clock & • Frequency hopping pattern

  9. Bluetooth operation • Bluetooth: Radio • ‘ Bluetooth Piconet ’ • A type of network connection (Group of devices will occupying shared physical channel) • Master (Synchronization reference) • clock & device address - decide channel characteristics • Slave devices (Devices - that connected with the master) • ‘ Frequency Hopping ’ • Devices use a explicit Frequency hopping pattern • Algorithm ( Bluetooth specification address & master’s clock) • Pseudo - Random sequence hopping pattern (ISM 79 freq.) • ‘ Full Duplex ’ • Uses Time - Division Duplex method • Data transmission in the form of packets

  10. Bluetooth operation • Bluetooth: Link & Protocols • ‘ Control Layers ’ • Placed above the physical channel • Layer of links and Channels • Control Protocols • ‘ Physical Links ’ • Connection established between • Two Piconet Bluetooth devices • Master & Slave - possible • Slave & Slave - impossible • Can be used to transport more than one logical layer • Supports synchronous, asynchronous traffic

  11. Bluetooth operation • Bluetooth: Link & Protocols • Logical Links • Data traffic in logical link is being multiplexed (into the physical link by occupying slots ) • Link Manager Protocol (LMP) • It is a control protocol (for baseband & physical layers) • Link manager uses this LMP (to control device operations) • Provide services to manage (for radio & baseband layers) • Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) • Based above the baseband layer • Provides abstraction to applications and services • Multiplexing & De-multiplexing of many channels

  12. Bluetooth Wireless Technology • Bluetooth - for voice and data application • Penetration  can penetrate solid objects like walls • Bluetooth chip cost : (< $3 ~ $5) – Economically efficient • Easy to use • Security – Allows 3 diff. Modes • Non-secure, Service level, Link level • Max bandwidth : 1 Mbps (theoretically) : 721 Kbps • Low power consumption • Interference  very short time • Good for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

  13. Bluetooth Wireless Technology • Quick synchronization between Bluetooth enabled devices • Omni directional --> No line-of-sight requirement • Ability to establish connection (between any portable devices and a wired network) • Uses globally available unlicensed ISM radio band • Frequency range : • 902 - 928 MHz • 2.4 – 2.484 GHz • Need not require operator’s license from: • Federal Communication Commission (FCC) • Any other International Regulatory Board • Adopt common frequency band • Can use virtually anywhere (any country in the world)

  14. Bluetooth Wireless Technology • System consists of: • Software, Hardware and interoperability requirements • Bluetooth Baseband protocol • Combination of “Circuit & Packet switching” • Easy to embedded directly into: • Existing component boards or an adapter devices • Bluetooth equipment integrate easily in TCP/IP network • It uses wireless LAN & IEEE standards for data transmissions • Bluetooth frequency range used in: • USA - 2402 MHz to 2480 MHz • Europe - 2402 MHz to 2480 MHz • Japan - 2472 to 2497 MHz

  15. Bluetooth (IEEE standards) • IEEE 802.15 Working group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) • Bluetooth technology follows “IEEE 802.15.1” standards • Ver 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 & 2.0 • 1.2  Adaptive Frequency Hopping  Reduce interference

  16. Technology Characteristics • Uses small data packets • Improve & Maximize interface capacity • Minimize interference by: • Quick Frequency Hopping • Adaptive output power • Forward Error Correction • Specific method used by receivers • Detect errors in the transmission • Correct errors -> Ability to correct them • Maximum availability of devices in a Piconet: • 1 Master device • 7 Slave devices

  17. Technology Characteristics • Service Support: Asynchronous, Synchronous • Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL) • Supports for data transfer • Carry either user data or control data • Efficiency is best • Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) Link • Real-time Voice support • Multimedia Traffic • Uses reserved bandwidth • Maximum three SCO connection (64,000 bits/sec) is possible

  18. Bluetooth Links • Data & Voice transmitted as packets • Errors detected at receiver side • Notification  to the header of the return packet • Only lost or erroneous packets need to be retransmitted • ACL supports: (Data transmission) • Symmetrical or Asymmetrical • Packet Switched • Point-to-multi point connections • Symmetrical Connection Link • Max. Data rate : 433.9 Kbps (in both direction) • Asymmetrical Connection Link • Max. Data rate: 723.2 Kbps (in one direction) 57.6 Kbps (in reverse direction)

  19. Bluetooth Links • SCO link supports: (voice transmission) • Symmetrical • Circuit Switched • Point-to-Point connection • Three synchronous channels of 64 Kbps • They use either: • Pulse Code Modulation • Std. for encoding speech (Analog ~ Digital) - PSTN • Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation (CVSD) • Std. for encoding speech (Analog ~ Digital) • More immunity to interference • Best for Voice transmission than PCM over wireless link • Appropriate voice-coding scheme is being selected • (After communication between: link managers of the devices)

  20. Data & Control Two way voice Control Application Voice OBEX WAP TCS SDP RFCOMM L2CAP Host Controller Interface Link manager Baseband and link controller Radio Bluetooth protocol stack

  21. Bluetooth protocol stack • TCS (Telephony Control Protocol) • Gives information about telephony services  • SDP (Service Discovery Protocol) • Allows Bluetooth devices can find out what all are services supported by other Bluetooth devices • WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) & OBEX (Object Exchange) • Gives interfaces to the higher layer parts of other communication protocols • RFCOMM (Radio Frequency Communication) • It is the Bluetooth serial port emulator • It provides serial interface services (RS 232)

  22. Bluetooth protocol stack • L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol) • Multiplexes the data from higher-level layers and also alters between different packet sizes • Makes virtual connection between hosts and keeps track of multiple concurrent sessions (Ex: file transfers) • Breaks the application data into Bluetooth-size fragments for transmission, and it will do the reverse operation for the received data • Host Controller Interface • Controls communication between a separate host and a Bluetooth module • Link Manager • Handles and configures links with other devices

  23. Bluetooth protocol stack • Broadband and Link Controller • It handles the physical links through radio as well as assembling of packets • It also controls the frequency hopping • Radio • It uses for modulation and demodulation of data for transmission and reception

  24. Bluetooth Protocols

  25. Bluetooth Protocols

  26. Bluetooth Head phones Bluetooth PDAs Bluetooth Access points Bluetooth adapters Bluetooth projectors Bluetooth cameras Bluetooth printers Bluetooth car adapters Bluetooth mice, keyboard Bluetooth Handsets Bluetooth Modems Bluetooth Medical devices Bluetooth Flash cards Bluetooth projectors Bluetooth MP3 players Bluetooth mobile PCs Bluetooth devices…(examples)

  27. References • www.bluetooth.com • Bluetooth Demystified, Nathan J.Muller, McGraw-Hill, NY, USA 2000 • Bluetooth- Connect without cables, By Jennifer Bray and Charles F Sturman, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, 2001 • Bluetooth Operation and Use, By Robert Morrow, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002 • http://www.baracoda.com/shared_docs/bluetooth_protocol.pdf • http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~yasinsac/group/slides/carter3.pdf • http://stephen.ksuettc.org/bluetooth.pdf • http://www.rzo.free.fr/docs_jean/bluetooth.pdf • www.cs.utk.edu/.../bluetooth/whatisbluetooth.gif • www.palowireless.com/.../spec_stack.gif • http://www.palowireless.com/infotooth/knowbase.asp • http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/corpinfo/publications/review/2000_04/files/2000046.pdf • http://www.ieee802.org/15/ • http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~yasinsac/group/slides/carter3.pdf • http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm

  28. Queries ?

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