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Computer Numbers (continued)

Computer Numbers (continued). Binary Numbers. Based on 0 and 1 Bi nary Digi t bit Place values of bits powers of 2 Bits grouped in Bytes. Binary Numbers. 10110101 Easier as 2 four-bit nibbles in Hexadecimal 0-9, A-F Commonly used in programming, web colors. Computer Numbering.

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Computer Numbers (continued)

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  1. Computer Numbers(continued)

  2. Binary Numbers • Based on 0 and 1 • Binary Digitbit • Place values of bits powers of 2 • Bits grouped in Bytes

  3. Binary Numbers • 10110101 • Easier as 2 four-bit nibbles in Hexadecimal • 0-9, A-F • Commonly used in programming, web colors

  4. Computer Numbering • Word  Number of bytes computer handles in one operation • Describes the processor • Limits address space • Limits size of numeric values • Early PCs were 8bit, now 64bit

  5. Multipliers • Kilo • Mega • Giga • Tera • Peta

  6. Really Big Numbers • 264 ≈ 18.45 quintillion • 18.45 * 1018 • Why do computer boxes lie? • 200GB hard drive  186GB ????

  7. Speed • Measured in Hertz (Hz) • KHz • MHz • GHz • Speed at which CPU “ticks”

  8. Comparing Speed • Not always directly comparable • Streamlined instructions • Pipelining • Multicore • Original IBM PC, 1981 – 4.77MHZ • Today’s screamer – 3.2GHz hexcore • 680x the clock, way more improvement

  9. Using Windows The Operating System 16 January 2013

  10. Define Operating System • Programs that control computer • Allocate resources • Control scheduling • Allow access to peripherals • Enforce security • Provide user interface

  11. What OSs Available • Windows XP • Home, Pro • Media Center, Tablet • Vista/Win7/Win8 • Home/Home Premium • Business/Ultimate • Mac OS X • Linux – many distributions

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