Cross-border citizens' network for peace, inter-communal reconciliation & human security

1. Cross-border citizens' network for peace, inter-communal reconciliation & human security

2. Overallobjective • Toestablish a humansecuritydialogueincludingresearch, advocacyandcapacitybuildingactivities

3. Majoroutputs • HS Annual Monitoring Reports • Annual Thematic Reports on Particular Human Security Areas – based on compiled Country-Specific Thematic Reports

4. Majoroutputs • HS Annual Monitoring Reports- Development, Preparation and Publishing of 3 reports, analysing HS topics in a regional context and presenting country/regional level indicators and evaluations that will allow the monitoring of HS throughout the region in a comparative and structured basis. • These reports will include an HS Monitoring Index to facilitate a comparative analysis and highlight priority problems across borders. • The reports will review the public sector reforms and changes in codes of conduct in the region, examine the political, economic, and social environment around HS and provide insights on the appropriate direction and focus of further reforms and EU level policies.

5. Majoroutputs • Annual Thematic Reports on Particular Human Security Areas based on compiled Country-Specific Thematic Reports The reports are to include, tentatively: • a country-level analysis based on desktop literature review, field research, outputs from consultation & stakeholder dialogue process conducted by partner’s research teams; • meeting reports; • a brief regional level analysis framing the cross-cutting issues; and • an analysis in relation to EU level policies and processes.

6. First 6 months • identify local level needs, capacities and issues • unravelling the local strategies of action • assessment of the capacities and needs of local stakeholders • identify issues and local partners (desktopresearch,outreachactivitiesand afact-finding workshopwill be conducted.

7. Untilnextmeeting Each partner willpresent (i) a short country brief on how they approach HS in their own local context, (ii) the legislative/institutional framework and the local reform agenda related to HS; (iii) a brief draft list of civil society actors, institutions, public bodies, and policy-makers to be engaged to Project activities.

8. Objective of thismeeting • identify the research capacity of partners, • transfer knowledge among partnership members on the general approaches and methods of human security research and advocacy, • highlightissues of peace, reconciliation and human security with respect to each local country setting • develop a common ground on the concepts, methods and approaches of human security

9. Why Human Security? • «a dangerous disjunction between traditional security instruments and actual security needs» • «inseparability of internal and external security » • «increasingdifficulty in defending a particular territory or group of people in isolation» • «new sources of insecurity that areless amenable to traditional military methods» • «growing interconnectedness in all fields, deterritorialization of authority, and the erosion of the autonomy of states.

10. Definition in search of a regionallyrelevantcommondefinition/understanding Somedefinitions: «freedom from fear»,«freedom from want», «freedom to live in dignity» (1994 HDR+) «The capacity of individuals and communities to respond to threats to their social, human and environmental rights».(Global Environmental Change and Human Security ResearchProgram) «to protect the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfillment»UN Commission on Human Security

11. Human Security as the Nexus between Safety, Rights, and Equity

12. Dimensions • security for or of whom? • security against which threats? • security using which means? • secured by whom?

13. MethodologyandMethods Combination of empirically grounded fundamental research on humansecuritywith applied research oninsecuritypreventivemeasures. Regionalresearch groups will generate data relating to areas for priority attention and protectionrelating to central societal target groups

14. TargetGroups • We differentiate between varioustarget groups constituted as follows:

15. MethodologyandMethods • Two types of data are to be generated pertaining to each target group: • Documents from the target groups’ field of activity related to the issues at hand • Expert interviews employed to record and evaluate the personal experiences of target group members regarding insecuritiesandpriorities

16. MethodologyandMethods • Ourassumption of empiricalresearch: the ‘bottom-up’ definitions held within ‘everyday theories’ of insecurityare anchored in social patterns of perception that actors apply unconsciously. • They cannot be polled in the direct method commonly used in opinion research. Theymust be reconstructed from administrative and other official documents and recorded statements in interviews.

17. MethodologyandMethods Building on this insight, both the documents as well as the expert interviews are to be subjected to a qualitative content analysisforreports.

18. H.S.I. • link the levels of human (in)security to numbers referring to the dimensions of the humansecurityand themain threats in each region.

19. WHY an H.S.I? • an instrument to assess the actual threats to human beings • measure the actual threats related to insecurity to find appropriate policy responses, • identify priorities for policy agendas

20. StepsforConstracting HSI • Compilation of crosscountryraw data on insecurities • Idetification of thedimensions • Selection of indicators • Formulation of theindex

21. Evaluation criteria forIndicator selection • the indicator measures either key structural relationships (i.e., linkages and defining characteristics) or key functional relationships (i.e., process flows) of the system with reference to either environmental, economic, societal, or institutional components (Table 1); • existence of a theoretical or empirical link between the indicator and insecurity (see below); • general availability of the data; • consistency of the data with other selected indicators to allow for future modelingof the system; adequacy of the spatial coverage based on the number of countries represented and adequacy of the time series available. Source: Index of Human Insecurity (IHI) developedby the GECHS

22. Some HSI examples • Human (In)Security Index of INEF • Dimensions: • Economic security (being able to provide for a minimum standard of living or, if this is not the case, being secured by some kind of social security provided by the state or private actors.) • Food Security implies that all people at all times have both physical and economic access to basic food. This requires that people have ready access to food – that they have an ‘entitlement’ to food, by growing it for themselves, by buying it or by taking advantage of a public food distribution system (UNDP 1994: 27) • Health Securityprotection from major causes of death, including mainlyinfectiousandparasiticdiseases.

23. Human (In)Security Index of INEF • EnvironmentalSecurity includes threats inflicted by the degradation of local ecosystems andthat of the global system, mainly global warming • The combined dimension of Personal Security and Community Security • Personal Security is defined as security from threats from physical violence. These threats may come from the state (physical torture), from other states (war), from other groups of people (ethnic conflicts), from individuals (crime or street violence, they might be directed against women (rape or domestic violence) and threat to self such as drugs or suicide (UNDP 1994: 30). • Community Security aims at the protection of people from their loss of traditional practices and membership in certain groups, be it a family, a community, an organization or a racial or ethnic group from which people derive cultural identity, that provide them with security. A loss of traditional practices may be caused by modernization, but also by sectarian and ethnic violence (UNDP 1994: 31f.).

24. Index of Human Insecurity (IHI) by the GECHS Dimensions: • environment, • economy, • society, • İnstitutions.

25. Index of Human Insecurity (IHI) by the GECHS • The 16 indicators, equally weighted, present a one-to-one mapping of human insecurity

26. Index of Human Security made by David A. Hastings. Dimensions: • protection of (and benefiting from) diversity, • peace, • environmental protection, • freedom from corruption and • information empowerment

27. Main pillars of theproject • good governance, • reconciliation • social inclusion – from regional & country-specific perspectives.

28. HS dimensions of the Project a) political economy of crime & corruption; b) militarism/nationalism; c) justice & rule of law in transitional-reconciliatory processes; d) poverty, inequality & social inclusion; e) security sector policies & “policing” f) environment (?) h) health (?) i)institutional (?)