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Baumrind's Parenting Styles. Authoritarian - value obedience and use a high degree of power assertionAuthoritative - less concerned with obedience, greater use of persuasionPermissive - most tolerant, least likely to use disciplineNeglectful - completely uninvolved. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral D
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1. IX. Developmental D.E. Parenting Styles Moral Development— Kohlberg
2. Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Authoritarian - value obedience and use a high degree of power assertion
Authoritative - less concerned with obedience, greater use of persuasion
Permissive - most tolerant, least likely to use discipline
Neglectful - completely uninvolved
3. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development Assessed moral reasoning by posing hypothetical moral dilemmas and examining the reasoning behind people’s answers
Proposed three levels with six stages, each taking into account a broader portion of the social world
4. Levels of Moral Reasoning Preconventional - moral reasoning is based on external rewards and punishments
Conventional - laws and rules are upheld simply because they are laws and rules
Postconventional - reasoning based on personal moral standards
5. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation A focus on direct consequences
Negative actions will result in punishments
Positive actions will result in rewards
6. Stage 2: Self-Interested Exchanges Reflects the understanding that different people have different self-interests, which sometimes come in conflict
Getting what one wants often requires giving something up in return
7. Stage 3: Interpersonal Accord and Conformity An attempt to live up to the expectations of important others
Positive actions will improve relations with significant others
Negative actions will harm those relationships
8. Stage 4: Law-and-Order Morality To maintain social order, people must resist personal pressures and follow the laws of the larger society
9. Stage 5/6: Human-Rights and Social-Welfare Morality A balance is struck between respect for laws and ethical principles that transcend specific laws
Laws that fail to promote general welfare or that violate ethical principles can be changed, reinterpreted, or abandoned
10. Carol Gilligan A student of Kohlberg’s; later a critic of his theory
Thought Kohlberg’s theory was male-oriented and individualistic in perspective
Offered a feminist perspective in her book In a Different Voice
Believed that female development differed from that of males in moral thinking
More concerned with relationships than with abstract principles