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Water Movement In Plants

Water Movement In Plants. Forces that move water in plants. Osmosis - allows water to enter root cells Capillary Action - forces that allow water to be drawn up through xylem tubules

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Water Movement In Plants

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  1. Water Movement In Plants

  2. Forces that move water in plants • Osmosis - allows water to enter root cells • Capillary Action - forces that allow water to be drawn up through xylem tubules (cohesion, surface tension, adhesion)

  3. Forces that move water in plants • Transpiration - process by which plants lose water vapor through the leaves • Water enters leaf through veins • Water leaves xylem & enters mesophyll • Water evaporates from wet cell surface = vapor • Water vapor diffuses into airspaces of mesophyll • Water vapor passes out into air through stomata

  4. Forces that move water in plants Transpiration (continued) *more water moves in to replace lost water = a continuous process that helps pull water through the plant & cools the leaves **Over 90% of water taken in by plants is lost through the process of transpiration

  5. Rate of Tranpiration • Controlled by guard cells & stomata -guard cells take in water through osmosis = increased turgor pressure (guard cells swell & open) -guard cells lose water through osmosis/evaporation (guard cells shrink & close)

  6. Rate of Transpiration (cont.) • Stomata are open during the day - take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis; stomata close at night but on a hot, dry day, they may close to prevent excessive water loss

  7. Environmental Factors Affecting Water Loss: • Humidity - rate of water loss decreases when humidity levels are high • Wind - rate of water loss increases during windy conditions (evaporation rate increased)

  8. Environmental Factors Affecting Water Loss: • Temperature - rate of water loss increases as temperature goes up due to increased rate of photosynthesis • Light - rate of water loss increases as light levels increase; due to increased photosynthsis

  9. Leaf Modifications to Prevent Water Loss • Smaller leaves - reduced surface area limits water loss (curled leaves, needles, or spines) • Succulents - thick, fleshy leaves that store water (aloe vera, jade)

  10. Leaf Modifications to Prevent Water Loss • Stomata only on leaf bottom - not exposed to direct light = reduced evaporation rates • Hairs - trap moisture, help prevent water loss

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