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Light Therapy

Light Therapy. ESAT 3640 Therapeutic Modalities. Definition - The application of light by a variety of devices for a variety of therapeutic purposes. Types Lasers LEDs SLDs Infrared lamps UV lamps Diachronic lamps Fluorescent lamps Very bright light bulbs. What is Light Therapy?.

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Light Therapy

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  1. Light Therapy ESAT 3640 Therapeutic Modalities

  2. Definition - The application of light by a variety of devices for a variety of therapeutic purposes. Types Lasers LEDs SLDs Infrared lamps UV lamps Diachronic lamps Fluorescent lamps Very bright light bulbs What is Light Therapy?

  3. Laser vs. Nonlasers • Light is light right? • Maybe not • Both produce light waves • Specific wavelengths • Energy is produced differently • Can’t say issue is laser vs. LED • Coherent vs. noncoherent light

  4. Characteristics of Lasers • To produce laser radiation, you must have: • Energy source • Mechanical structure • Lasing medium • Gas • Liquid • Crystal • Chemical • Semiconductor (LED)

  5. Characteristics Continued • Laser light is • Monophasic • Monochromatic • Coherent • nondivergent

  6. Light Amplify Stimulate Emission Radiation Electromagnetic energy Frequency Visible light Fixed Phase More Terms Associated With Lasers

  7. Nature of Light • Light is both a wave and a particle • Travels from one point to another in form of wave • Absorbed or emitted by atom it acts like a particle • Particles = photons • Amount of energy in photon is a function of its wavelength or frequency

  8. Laser Energy Production • Amplifying chamber • resonating cavity • Lasing medium • External energy source • Pair of mirrors

  9. Production of Laser Energy • Energy applied to lasing material • Absorbed energy excites atoms • Higher energy orbits • Unstable state • Electrons return to normal state • Absorbed energy released as a photon

  10. What Determines Its Effect? • Energy level • Therapeutic lasers emit low level energy • < 500mW • Often referred to as • low-level lasers • Cold lasers • Soft lasers

  11. Laser Classification • Classified by lasing medium or safety • Gas lasers • Diode (semiconductor) lasers • Dye lasers • Solid-state lasers • Excimer lasers

  12. Types of Lasers

  13. Safety Classifications

  14. Characteristics of LEDs and SLDs • LED - Light-emitting diode • SLD - Super-luminous diode • Semiconductor diodes that emit visible light when electric current passes through them • Semiconductor medium impregnated w/ impurities to create a structure called a p-n junction

  15. P-N Junction • One side (+) charge • One side (-) charge • Current flows in 1 directions • Current blocked in other direction leading to photon release = light • Wavelength depends on doping material • Determines color of light

  16. LEDs and SLDs • Monochromatic • Not coherent • More scatter • Less light strikes target tissues • Less energy imparted to tissues

  17. Lasers vs. Diode Devices • Both use semiconductors • p-n junction of diode device emits energy directly to patient • Laser - emission from diode is further processed to stimulate additional photons • Beam is coherent and contains more photons per area

  18. Effect of Light Therapy on Tissue • Photobiomodulation • Mechanisms of action • Excitation of electron bonds • Excitation of atoms to higher level of oscillation • Rotational changes of atoms

  19. Tissue healing Inflammatory phase Repair phase Remodeling phase Pain relief Increased serotonin Decreased cholinergic release Inhibition of prostacyclin Increased sensory nerve transmission time Increased CNS pain perception threshold Placebo effect Effects Continued

  20. Delivery Technique • Single probe • 1 wavelength • Cluster probe • Multiple wavelengths • Grid application • One location at a time • Scanning • Move like US

  21. Dosage and Duration • Dosage (J/cm2) = (avg. power (mW) x Tx time (min)) Tx area (cm2) • Average Power = pulse rate (Hz) x peak power x pulse width (sec) • Tx time = (dosage x Tx area) power

  22. Treatment Parameters

  23. Treatment Parameters * Depends on wound size

  24. Contraindications • Eyes • Over areas of steroid injection in the past 2-3 weeks • Possible cancerous tissues • Over the anterior neck, chest or cardiac region • Directly over open wounds • Over areas of active hemorrhage • Over sympathetic ganglia • Pregnancy • Areas that may mask progressive pathology • Over or near bone growth centers • Ischemic tissues

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