Interest Grabber

1. Interest Grabber Section 9-1 • Feel the Burn • Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose,a six-carbon sugar. 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slowrun? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changesin how you feel? 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could youkeep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.

2. Section Outline Section 9-1 • 9–1 Chemical Pathways A. Chemical Energy and Food B. Overview of Cellular Respiration C. Glycolysis 1. ATP Production 2. NADH Production D. Fermentation 1. Alcoholic Fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

3. Section Outline Section 9-2 • 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport A. The Krebs Cycle B. Electron Transport C. The Totals D. Energy and Exercise 1. Quick Energy 2. Long-Term Energy E. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

4. Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

5. Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Glucose Krebs cycle Electrontransport Glycolysis Alcohol or lactic acid Fermentation (without oxygen)

6. Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O)

7. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

8. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

9. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

10. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

11. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

12. Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

13. WHAT IF THERE ISN’T ANY OXYGEN? • CELLUAR RESPIRATION: Anaerobic (fermentation) • *yeast cells = alcohol production • *muscle cells = lactic acid production

14. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid

15. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid

16. Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid

17. Pros and Cons of Lactic Acid Fermentation • Pros – your muscle will keep working even without sufficient oxygen

18. Cons – you feel it, lactic acid causes sore muscles and cramping • Your body will get rid of lactic acid – it diffuses into blood and goes to liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid – ready for O2 LIVER

19. RECAP6C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) • GLUCOSE becomes… • CO2 • Oxygen is needed… • to accept the electrons at the end of ETC • CO2 goes… • into blood, lungs, exhaled • Water is produced when… • O2 collects enough e- and H+ to become water • ATP is produced… • in glycolysis, Kreb Cycle and mainly in ETC due to chemiosmosis

20. Pyruvic acid is made … • at the end of glycolysis (3C) • NADH and FADH2 carry … • Electrons and H+ to the ETC • Protons (H+) build up in the …due to… • Intermembrane space, ETC pushing them out • ATP synthase allows H+ to … and … • Back into the matrix, produces ATPs • If no oxygen, yeast produce… • ethanol • If no oxygen, muscle cells produce… • Lactic acid

21. The ETC produces... • 34 ATPs • In aerobic respiration, Pyruvic acid is converted to… • Acetyl CoA • The molecule that must be recycled in the Kreb cycle is… • Oxaloacetic acid • The break down of one glucose gives… • 38 total ATP

22. Autotrophs… • Make their own food/chemical energy • Heterotrophs… • Must eat other things to obtain chemical energy • Aerobic respiration requires… • Oxygen

23. Video Contents Video Contents • Click a hyperlink to choose a video. • Aerobic Respiration • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle, Part 1 • Krebs Cycle, Part 2 • Electron Transport Chain, Part 1 • Electron Transport Chain, Part 2

24. Video 1 Video 1 • Click the image to play the video segment. Aerobic Respiration

25. Video 2 Video 2 • Click the image to play the video segment. Glycolysis

26. Video 3 Video 3 • Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 1

27. Video 4 Video 4 • Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 2

28. Video 5 Video 5 • Click the image to play the video segment. Electron Transport Chain, Part 1

29. Video 6 Video 6 • Click the image to play the video segment. Electron Transport Chain, Part 2

30. Internet Go Online • Links from the authors on Creatine • Share kimchi lab data • Interactive test • For links on cellular respiration, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091. • For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.

31. Section 1 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slowrun? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? Students may answer that they feel no fatigue at the start of a run; however, after 1 minute and more so after 10 minutes, they are breathing hard, their heart rate has increased significantly, and their muscles may hurt. 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changesin how you feel? Students may say that the increase in heart rate and breathing rate are a response that gets extra oxygen to the cells. The pain may be attributed to the cells becoming fatigued. 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could youkeep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer. Students may know that very high levels of performance can be sustained only very briefly even among the best of athletes. Students may say that the body runs out of readily available energy, food, or oxygen, or that the body builds up too many waste products in the cells.

32. Section 2 Answers Interest Grabber Answers • 1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper? • The area will vary depending on the size of paper used. A sheet of notebook paper has an area of approximately 600 cm3. • 2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper? • The surface area is the same as the original sheet of paper. • 3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the firstsheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper.What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper? • The surface area has increased (surface area of rolled paper + surface area of folded paper). • 4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion? • Increasing the surface area increases the amount of space where chemical reactions can take place.

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