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New topic for Java course: Introduction to 3D graphics programming with JOGL

New topic for Java course: Introduction to 3D graphics programming with JOGL. Dejan Mitrović Prof. Dr Mirjana Ivanović. AGENDA. Motivation and goals JOGL Proposed subjects Conclusions. 1.1. Motivation.

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New topic for Java course: Introduction to 3D graphics programming with JOGL

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  1. New topic for Java course:Introduction to 3D graphics programming with JOGL Dejan MitrovićProf. Dr Mirjana Ivanović

  2. AGENDA • Motivation and goals • JOGL • Proposed subjects • Conclusions 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  3. 1.1. Motivation • Game development represents a large portion of the software development industry, BUT, so far very few programming courses given at our Department were focused at this area • The proposed set of subjects constitutes a small part of the recently updated Computer graphics course, which has received high grades from students 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  4. 1.2. Goals • Provide students with an opportunity to practice Java programming and extend their OO programming skills in an exciting environment • Introduce the proposed set of subjects near the end of the introductory, or at the beginning of the advanced OO course, depending on the students’ progress over the semester • Give them a solid background for later, more advanced topics of the Computer graphics course 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  5. AGENDA • Motivation and goals • JOGL • Proposed subjects • Conclusions 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  6. 2.1. Why JOGL? • Based on OpenGL - a professional, powerful, free, cross-platform graphics programming library • Straightforward integration with other GUI and graphics Java APIs and libraries (e.g. Swing, Java2D) • Can serve as an example of how an OO system should not be designed  10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  7. 2.2. JOGLext: A JOGL extension library • A library of helper classes built on top of JOGL • Handles common, “boring”, but necessary tasks, includes functions for vector and matrix-based calculations, etc. • Purpose: enable students to develop simple 3D applications without any (mathematical or game programming) background • Although, experience in playing FPS games can prove valuable for 3D camera handling 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  8. 2.3. Core JOGLext classes • JoglFrame: a base class for all students’ applications, handles display mode changes, precise timing measurements, various maintenance tasks, etc. • Camera: a flexible, programmable, FPS-like 3D camera for navigation through generated scenes • Mesh: a framework for loading and rendering external complex 3D models 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  9. AGENDA • Motivation and goals • JOGL • Proposed subjects • Conclusions 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  10. 3. Proposed subjects • Introduction to 3D graphics programming(1-hour lesson) • 3D rendering basics(1-hour lesson) • World transformations(2-hours lesson) • Texturing(2-hours lesson) • Complex 3D models(2-hours lesson) 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  11. 3.1. Introduction to 3D graphics programming • What is a graphics programming library? • Introduction to OpenGL and JOGL • Elements of a 3D application: frustum definition, overview of projection and viewing transformations, viewports, etc. • Main classes of JOGLext, creating a very first 3D application by implementing methods of JoglFrame 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  12. 3.1. Example: HelloWorld3D public class HelloWorld3D extends JoglFrame { @Override protected void initialize(GL gl, Color4f back, Vector3f cameraPos,Vector3f cameraDir) { // TODO : initialize camera, set clear color } @Override protected void render(GL gl, double elapsedTime) { // TODO : perform rendering } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloWorld3D hw = new HelloWorld3D(); // Caption: Hello World 3D // Frame width: 640px // Frame height: 480px // Fullscreen mode: false hw.start("Hello World 3D", 640, 480, false); } } 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  13. 3.1. Results 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  14. 3.2. 3D rendering basics • Coordinate system and 3D object specification using vertices • Methods glVertex3f() and glColor3f() • Different modes of rendering with glBegin() and glEnd(): triangle lists, strips, and fans, quads, and polygons • Rendering built-in objects with GLUT • Basic 2D text rendering with TextRenderer 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  15. 3.2. Example: Hexagon public class Hexagon { // vertices definition private static final Vector3f[] vertices = new Vector3f[] { new Vector3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(-0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f( 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f( 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3f(-0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f) }; // each vertex will be of a different color private static final Color4f[] colors = new Color4f[] { new Color4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Color4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Color4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), new Color4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), new Color4f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), new Color4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), new Color4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) }; 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  16. 3.2. Example: Hexagon (cont.) // method for rendering the n-th vertex private void renderPoint(GL gl, int n, float z) { // first set the n-th color, then send the coordinates Color4f c = colors[n]; gl.glColor3f(c.getRed(), c.getGreen(), c.getBlue()); Vector3f v = vertices[n]; gl.glVertex3f(v.getX(), v.getY(), z); } // using GL_TRIANGLE_FAN for hexagon rendering public void renderTriangleFan(GL gl, float z) { // the first 3 vertices make up 1 triangle // every other vertex is connected to the first and the the previous one gl.glBegin(GL.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN); renderPoint(gl, 0, z); renderPoint(gl, 1, z); renderPoint(gl, 2, z); renderPoint(gl, 3, z); renderPoint(gl, 4, z); renderPoint(gl, 5, z); renderPoint(gl, 6, z); renderPoint(gl, 1, z); gl.glEnd(); } } // class Hexagon 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  17. 3.2. Example: 3D Rendering public class HelloWorld3D extends JoglFrame { private Hexagon hex = new Hexagon(); private TextRenderer text; @Override protected void initialize(GL gl, Color4f back, Vector3f cameraPos, Vector3f cameraDir) { // initialize TextRenderer Font font = new Font("Tahoma", Font.BOLD, 12); text = new TextRenderer(font); } @Override protected void render(GL gl, double elapsedTime) { // render a yellow teapot using GLUT gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glut.glutSolidTeapot(1.0f); // render a colored triangle behind the teapot gl.glBegin(GL.GL_TRIANGLES); gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -0.5f, -5.0f); gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -0.5f, -5.0f); gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f, 0.5f, -5.0f); gl.glEnd(); 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  18. 3.2. Example: 3D Rendering (cont.) // render a hexagon behind the triangle hex.renderTriangleFan(gl, -10.0f); // render 2D text at the top of the window int w = getWidth(); int h = getHeight(); text.beginRendering(w, h); text.setColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // first line - frame rate, below it - camera position text.draw("FPS: " + getFps(), 2, h - 16); text.draw("Camera: " + camera.getPosition().toString(), 2, h - 36); // end text rendering text.endRendering(); } // render public static void main(String[] args) { HelloWorld3D hw = new HelloWorld3D(); hw.start("Hello World 3D", 640, 480, false); } } // class HelloWorld3D 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  19. 3.2. Results 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  20. 3.3. World transformations • Motivation behind and the effects of world transformations • With just a brief overview of “low level” matrix math • Methods glTranslatef(), glRotatef(), and glScalef() • Combining multiple transformations • Storing and restoring transformations with glPushMatrix() and glPopMatrix() 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  21. 3.3. Example: SolarSystem public class Planet{ private float distance; // from the sun private float revolution; // revolution angle private float scale; // size parameter private Color4f color; // color of the planet public Planet(float distance, float revolution, float scale, Color4f color){ // ommitted, save parameters } public void render(GL gl, GLUT glut){ // set the planet color gl.glColor3f(color.getRed(), color.getGreen(), color.getBlue()); // every method that changes the world transformation // should always first save the current state and later restore it gl.glPushMatrix(); // rotation around the sun gl.glRotatef(revolution, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glTranslatef(distance, 0.0f, 0.0f); // scale the sphere and render it gl.glScalef(scale, scale, scale); glut.glutSolidSphere(1.0f, 25, 25); // restore the original world transformation gl.glPopMatrix(); } } 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  22. 3.3. Example: SolarSystem (cont.) public class SolarSystem extends JoglFrame{ private Planet sun, venus, earth, mars;// miniature solar system protected void initialize(GL gl, Color4f backColor, Vector3f cameraPos, Vector3f cameraDir){ // initialize camera cameraPos.assign(1.75f, 17.0f, 38.47f); cameraDir.assign(0.0f, -0.49f, -0.87f); // initialize planets sun = new Planet(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f, new Color4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); venus = new Planet(10.0f, -160.0f, 0.7f, new Color4f(0.59f, 0.3f, 0.0f)); earth = new Planet(15.0f, -80.0f, 1.0f, new Color4f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)); mars = new Planet(20.0f, -60.0f, 0.5f, new Color4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)); } protected void render(GL gl, double elapsedTime){ sun.render(gl, glut); venus.render(gl, glut); earth.render(gl, glut); mars.render(gl, glut); } public static void main(String[] args){ // ommitted, the usual } } 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  23. 3.3. Results 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  24. 3.4. Texturing • Textures and texture coordinates • Loading, enabling, disabling, and binding textures, assigning coordinates with glTexCoord2f() • Method glTexEnvf(), and environment modes GL_MODULATE and GL_REPLACE • Different ways of applying texture coordinates with GL_CLAMP and GL_REPEAT • 2D texture rendering with TextureRenderer 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  25. 3.4. Adding textures to SolarSystem 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  26. 3.5. Complex 3D models • The concept of meshes, their organization into sub-meshes of vertices with shared properties • Using the Mesh class for loading and rendering 3D models • OBJ file format for storing meshes 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  27. 3.5. The end results 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  28. 4. Conclusions • Graphics programming with JOGL represents an exciting environment for practicing Java programming and extending students’ OO programming skills (such as aggregation, inheritance and polymorphism, working with arrays, etc.) • JOGLext enables students to “dive into” the 3D application development without much previous knowledge of the subject • The proposed set of subjects is simple enough, yet it provides them with enough material for creating real 3D applications • The subjects also serve as a good foundation for senior, more advance Computer graphics course 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

  29. Thank you!  Questions? Suggestions? 10th Workshop "Software Engineering and Reverse Engineering", Ivanjica, Serbia, September 5 - 12, 2010

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