Silent Resentment: Yearning for Change

1. Warm Up: 1/29 You are a young, well-educated individual living in a country that has been ruled by the same man for 30 years. You cannot participate in the political process because your country does not have democratic elections. While you would like to voice your discontent, you fear the retaliation of the government and are all too familiar with the harsh punishments inflicted on those who dissent. Frustrated, your resentment toward your government silently grows. One day, a young man similar to yourself douses himself in gasoline and lights himself on fire to protest the actions of the government. • How do you react? List your first three actions following this event. Why do you choose each of these actions? • Do you believe that the actions of this single individual can bring about change? Provide two pieces of support for your opinion.

2. Review What were three causes of Arab Spring? Provide two examples for how this cause led to the Arab Spring revolutions.

3. Cause # 2: Political and Religious Oppression • Under the rule of dictators, citizens in many countries were forbidden from participating in the political process • Rights of the people were not protected by the government but instead were limited • No freedom of speech • Restrictions on religious choice • Attempts to change this were met with brutal force • Dictators would use the military and police forces to protect their interests • No fair trials • Protestors were silenced CFU: Think/Write/Share Scenario: If you lived in a country where your rights were not protected but rather limited by your government how would you react? Give two examples and defend why your actions would be justified.

4. Cause # 3: Educated Workforce, No Jobs • Countries possessed effective education systems • The population of the Arab world is about 400 million people • Of this 400 million, half of the population is under 25 years old • These factors combined result in a large population of University educated youth • However, these individuals cannot find jobs upon graduation • Highly skilled young people grow increasingly frustrated with the lack of support or action from the government CFU: Think/Write/Share Why do you think youth unemployment is connected to civil uprisings and unrest. Does adult unemployment have as a pronounced of an effect? Why or why not?

5. Included many countries… • Revolutions: • Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen • Civil Uprisings: • Bahrain, Syria • Major Protests: • Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Oman • Minor Protests: • Lebanon, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Western Sahara • Over the next couple of days, we will be looking more specifically at how the Cycle of Revolutions unfolded in various countries.

6. DOL 3. The Arab Spring directly impacted a. All of Africa and the Middle East b. Egypt and Tunisia c. A number of countries in the Arab World d. Europe and the United States • 4. Write a thesis statement for the following prompt: • Describe the major underlying causes of the Arab Spring. 1. The Arab Spring can best be described as a. A period of civil unrest and revolutions in the Arab Worldb. A time when peace treaties were negotiatedc. The result of American intervention d. nonviolent civil disobedience 2. All of the following are underlying causes of the Arab Spring • Longstanding dictators • Social networking • Political and religious oppression • Large, well-educated, young populations

7. Evaluation • Multiple Choice Answers: • A • B • C • The Arab Spring profoundly altered geopolitical relations beginning in December of 2010. The underlying causes of this series of events were the presence of long-standing dictators, political and religious oppressions, and the proportion of well-educated youth who remained unemployed. Together, these factors combined to alter the political landscape of the Arab World.

8. Today • OBJ: SWBAT identify characteristics of the Tunisian revolution and evaluate its results. • Relevance: Today we are learning about the Arab Spring because this series of recent revolutions continues to impact international political relations. • DOL: Given an exit card, SWBAT: (80% Accuracy) • Answer 3 multiple choice questions. • Write a constructed response for the following prompt: • In your opinion, was the Tunisian Revolution a successes or a failure? Justify your response with three pieces of evidence. • Notes Title: Arab Spring: Tunisia

9. Today • Today we are going to continue our discussion on the Arab Spring by learning about the first country to spark a revolution: Tunisia. • Today’s Process: • Notes on Tunisia • Videos on Tunisia • Evaluation of the results CFU --- Think / Write / Share: Make a prediction – what was happening in Tunisia that may have caused a revolution?

10. Situation • Read the following scenario and answer the questions in complete sentences in your notes: • You are in school and get into a fight in the hallway. Many people are filming the fight on their phones and notifying classmates about the action. Before you know it, your situation is known by everyone in the school. • How long do you think it would take before 10 people know about it? 100? • Why does this information travel so fast? • How does this information travel so fast? • Explain the process through which the information regarding your fight would spread.

11. Arab Spring – Spreading the Word • Considering that the Arab Spring is very recent, newer technology helped spread the word of revolution. • Facebook, Twitter, blogs, text messaging, etc. • Social Media CFU – Think / Pair / Share: How many people do you think use social networking sites across the globe? What impact does this have on society as a whole?

12. Scenario • Read the following scenario and answer the questions that follow: • You live in the United States, our country has now banned all use of the internet, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression. You cannot post anything on Twitter. You cannot speak as you’d please, you cannot dress as you’d like, and the government watches everything that you do. • Do you have a Twitter/Facebook? • How would this make you feel? • What would you do about losing your privileges like freedom of speech?

13. Watch start – 6:00 What were the “weapons” used by the people during the Arab Spring? Where did the Arab Spring begin? – country What was Muhammad's story?

14. Warm Up: 1/30/14 • 1. What would have happened in Tunisia after Mohamed Bouazizi lit himself on fire 30 years ago? Would word have gotten out the way it did in 2010? Why or why not? • 2. Predict: what are the effects of this world wide and in Tunisia.

15. Tunisia • The “birthplace” of the Arab Spring was the North African country of Tunisia. • Sparked by one man’s suicide, nearly an entire country was led to revolution and fighting for change. • Reasons for the revolution in Tunisia included: • High unemployment, inequality, high inflation, government corruption, and lack of personal freedoms. CFU – Write / Pair / Share: How can one man’s suicide spark action in tens of thousands of people? Has anything motivated you to take action in your life?

16. Watch 6:00 – 9:30 What happened the next day after the suicide? How were the people there all similar? What “tool” was used by nearly every protestor to show the world what was happening? What was the one way to spread the images around Tunisia?

17. Dictactorships • One of the causes of the Arab Spring was political corruption. • In most of the Northern African countries, the government in place was a dictatorship (0-5?) • The leaders of these countries were men who ruled unjustly for up to 40 years without the consent of their people. CFU – Think / Write / Share: Can you name dictators throughout history?

18. Tunisia and Ben Ali • The President of Tunisia was a man named Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (“Ben Ali”). • Ben Ali became the president of Tunisia in 1987. • From the start, Ben Ali was widely criticized for his removal of the freedom of speech. • The government under Ben Ali controlled all press, television, internet access, and news. • One reporter was beaten, imprisoned, and harassed for his criticism of Ben Ali in his journal. • Upon being re-elected for a fifth term in 2009, Ben Ali did not know that he would soon be forced out of his own country. • In 2010, riots and rebellion began in Tunisia regarding the high unemployment rates. • Ben Ali was forced to leave office, resign, and even fled with his family to Saudi Arabia to avoid further conflict with the Tunisian people. • Between the blocking of the freedom of speech, and the high unemployment rates (particularly among the youth), Tunisia was now in a state of full revolution. CFU --- Think / Write / Share: Evaluate the Tunisian revolution, do you think that the Tunisian people had the right to revolt? Was it justified?

19. Watch9:30 – 14:30 How many Tunisian Facebook users were there? How did the president remain in power? How many Tunisians had cell phones? How did the people avoid the Tunisian censorship?

21. Warm Up: 1/31/14 • On December 17, 2010, an unemployed Tunisian man, Mohamed Bouazizi, aged 26, from SidiBouzid, in southern Tunisia, set himself on fire to protest against joblessness, sparking a popular uprising against the government. Two more suicides followed, spurring protests across several other Tunisian cities. The social movement - initiated by lawyers, journalists, and labor unions – demanded more work opportunities and reform of the government of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. • Clashes between protesters and security forces lasted for nearly a month. According to government counts, 23 Tunisians were killed by police and security forces, while numerous more were injured. On January 13, President Ben Ali gave a speech in which he promised to step down in 2014. The president also guaranteed reforms, including an end to restrictions on the media and Internet. Shortly after the speech, the country's pervasive Internet censors were turned off. • Despite Ben Ali's promises, however, the unrest continued throughout the night and into the next day, at which point emergency law was enacted. Shortly thereafter, the president closed Tunisian airspace, fired the parliament, and promised governmental elections within six months. Protesters continued to gather outside of interior ministry, however, demanding Ben Ali's resignation. • Shortly thereafter, Ben Ali fled the country, and Prime Minister Mohammed Ghannouchitook over, citing Chapter 56 of the Tunisian constitution as the article by which he was taking power, a move which some in the country called unconstitutional. On January 15, the country's constitutional court appointed parliament speaker FouadMebazaa as interim president. Mebazaa has 60 days to organize elections, according to article 57 of the Tunisian constitution. • 1) Write a question for accuracy • 2) Write a question for precision • 3) Write a question for depth

22. Review: Social Media • What role has social media played in the Arab Spring? • Why is social media so important to the spread of ideas? How is it so easy? • How successful do you think these revolutions would be if social media never existed?

23. DOL • 1. Which African country began the Arab Spring? • A. Egypt • B. Libya • C. Algeria • D. Tunisia • 2. Who was the dictator of Tunisia during the revolution? • A. MaummarQadaffi • B. Ben Ali • C. Anwar Sadat • Saddam Hussein • 3. Which of the following was not one of the reasons for the Tunisian Revolution? • A. High unemployment • B. Dictator with unjust rule • C. Loss of freedom of speech • D. Ben Ali elected 5 times • 4. Constructed Response: • In your opinion, was the Tunisian Revolution a successes or a failure? Justify your response with three pieces of evidence.

24. Today • OBJ: SWBAT identify characteristics of the Egyptian and Libyan revolutions and evaluate the impact of social media on them. • Relevance: Today we are learning about the Arab Spring because this series of recent revolutions continues to impact international political relations. • DOL: Given 8 minutes, SWBAT write a SEE-I paragraph for the following prompt: • In your opinion, would the Arab Spring have been possible without social media like Facebook and Twitter? • Notes Title: Arab Spring: Egypt and Libya • EQ: Underneath the title of your notes, write today’s lesson objective in the form of an essential

25. Egypt and Libya CFU: Think/Write/Share: What do you remember about the Tunisian Revolution from yesterday? List as many facts as you can. • Today we are going to continue to talk about the Arab Spring. • We will discuss how it spread from Tunisia to Egypt and Libya. • We will also discuss what is currently going on with this movement.

26. 7:12-9:13 What did the interim government pledge to the Tunisian people? How many days did it take to topple the regime of Ben Ali?

27. The Arab Spring Spreads to Egypt • After the fall of Ben Ali in Tunisia, the Arab Spring spread east across North Africa to Egypt. • Egypt is a primarily Muslim nation and was controlled at this time by President Hosni Mubarak. CFU: Think/Write/Share: What is the purpose of this political cartoon? How does it relate to the spread of the Arab Spring to Egypt?

28. 11:13-14:12 How were the Egyptians being oppressed under the Mubarak regime? Describe what happened to the young blogger in Egypt. What impact did this event have? How did Mubarak underestimate the power of the internet?

29. Egypt • On January 25th , 2011, wide spread protests broke out in Egypt. • People were protesting the government of Hosni Mubarak • Protests were aimed at the corruption and oppression of the Egyptian government. • On January 26th the government started to limit access to the internet. • They began censoring all types of media that the people had access to in Egypt. CFU – Think /Write/ Share: Why would the government of Hosni Mubarak try to limit access to the internet? Do you think this plan was successful?