Utah in the Modern Age Chapters 11-13, 15

1. Utah in the Modern AgeChapters 11-13, 15

2. National Parks Fun Facts • In the 1920’s land and water issues were very important in Utah. • Government wanted to protect natural land • Built dams and created national parks & monuments • First in the nation: Yellowstone National Park

3. More National Park Facts • Utah’s 1st national monument: Natural Bridges National Monument, built in 1908 • Utah’s 1st national park: Zion National Park, built in 1918

4. Utah now has 13 parks & monuments • Newest is the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument opened in 1996

5. World War I • Cause: Assassination of Austrian Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand by a Bosnian • Austria declares war on Serbia • Alliances ( ally) bring other countries into the conflict

6. World War I • Utahn’s were aware of the activity of German U-boats • Firing torpedoes into American merchant ships. • Germany is an ENEMY now! • Woodrow Wilson declared war in 1917 • Utahn’s support the war. • Utah residents planted victory gardens and supported food conservation • “wheatless Mondays” and “meatless Tuesdays” • Bought liberty bonds—a loan to the government. Trench Warfare

7. The Roaring 20’s • After WWI, life began to get a lot better. • More jobs and money to buy new inventions. • Remembered as women’s short skirts and short hair, fancy clothes and a dance called the Charleston. • Jazz comes to Utah. • Utah’s first radio station, KZN, now KSL began.

8. 1930’s: The Great Depression • Financial panic on Wall Street—New York City. • 1929 stock market crash on October 29th, known as Black Tuesday. • Largest selling day of stock. Too many people selling and not enough people buying, prices dropped quickly. • Mad rush to get money out of banks. Banks go broke. • Everyone was affected. No jobs, no money, and not enough food.

9. The Great Depression • Depression: A period during which business, employment, and stock market values remain at a low level of activity. • Bankrupt: A state of being unable to satisfy financial obligations. • The Depression lasted until 1941 • Utah and the nation faced economic hard times • Cause may have been overproduction of goods and bank failures • Too many people had borrowed money

10. Utah during the Great Depression • Utah was hit hard by the Great Depression. • High unemployment rate • Unemployment rate: The percentage of the workforce that is not working at any given date. • Uintah and Duchesne counties had 75% unemployment • In 1932 one in every three people in Utah was out of work. • 1933 – average yearly income per Utahn was only $275

11. “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without.” • People had to make the most of what they had. • Learned to appreciate work and how to be self-sufficient. • Many out-of-work men went on the road to find jobs. Went door to door for food and jobs. • Women also searched for jobs. They were treated very unequally—paid less for the same job. • Drought in 1934 made farming difficult • BUT, Utah recovered faster than rest of the country

12. How does it end… • Pres. Roosevelt creates WPA: Work Project Administration. • Hoover Dam, other jobs for musicians, artists, etc. • World War II • Men needed for the army. • Women needed for other jobs.

13. Depression Prices vs. today

14. Another World War • People in Utah were dealing with the depression while countries in Europe and Asia were fighting for power and control of land. • Germany, under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler wanted to become a world power. • Invaded many countries - Poland, France, and Russia • Bombed Great Britain • Persecuted Jews, put them in concentration camps & killed them

15. WWII in Asia • War happening in Asia too • Japan wanted to expand its empire - invaded Manchuria & China • U.S. objected to the takeover of free people • Stopped trading oil w/ Japan

16. Why did the U.S. Join the War? • Germany and Japan were both trying to take over other countries. • America didn’t agree with this but also didn’t want to get involved. • Isolationism • Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was bombed Dec. 7, 1941 and many Americans were killed. • U.S. declared war on Japan. A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

17. 1940’s: World War II • War brought the country out of the depression. • Provided jobs for many • Got the economy going again • One year after U.S. joined the war, Utah reached full employment • Defense plants & training centers in Utah • Utahn’s went to war, died in battle • Thousands of lives disrupted

18. Japanese Americans • After the bombing of Pearl Harbor there was discrimination against Japanese Americans • HOMEWORK: Read the Topaz Relocation Camp page in your packet and answer the questions.

19. Navajo Code Talkers • Japan and the U.S. used codes to keep secrets. • What language do you think they used? • Many Navajos from Utah and Arizona volunteered for the Marine Corps and discovered the advantages of the Navajo language. • Different from any Asian or European language. • Group of Navajos were sent to the Pacific to act as code talkers. They used birds, fish, and other animals to serve as different military terms. The Japanese were so confused. • Total of 350 Navajo Code Talkers