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Vocabulary

Vocabulary . Battle of Stalingrad- Turning pt in the Battle for the Soviet Union. Last German offensive in USSR. Battle of Midway- Turning pt of the Pacific. The Japanese are on the defensive against the allies.

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Vocabulary

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  1. Vocabulary Battle of Stalingrad- Turning pt in the Battle for the Soviet Union. Last German offensive in USSR. Battle of Midway- Turning pt of the Pacific. The Japanese are on the defensive against the allies. D-Day- Massive Allied invasion force that lands at Normandy, France. Turing pt of the 20 century. Battle of the Bulge- Last desperate gamble by Hitler to defeat the Allies and force a peace treaty. Island Hopping- Strategy of hopping from one island to the next only taking the most crucial islands. Manhattan Project- Secret American project to develop the atomic bomb.

  2. Warm Up • What is the term for all of a country’s resources being devoted to the war effort?

  3. THE ALLIES FIGHT BACK

  4. Doolittle’s Raid • 1939-1942 The Axis Powers are winning • April 1942 16 B-25 Bombers bombed Tokyo • The bombs did little damage but was a psychological victory • May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea • New kind of warfare • Fought with planes • Allies lost more men and ships but stopped Japan’s southward advance

  5. The Battle of Midway • Turning Point of the Pacific • June 1942, Allied code breakers decode a secret Japanese message • Admiral Chester Nimitz knew the Japanese targeted Midway • The outnumbered Americans destroyed 332 planes, 4 aircraft carriers, and a support ship

  6. Allied Offensive • Battle of Guadalcanal • Gen. Douglas MacArthur develops “island hopping” strategy • By-pass Japanese strongholds for less defended islands • Aug, 1942 U.S. Marines attack Guadalcanal to prevent massive Jap. Airbase • After 6 months of fighting the Japanese abandon the “island of death” losing more than 24,000 out of force of 36,000

  7. Allies Fight Back in Europe and Africa • The Battle of El Alamein • British forces led by Gen. Montgomery “Monty” push Gen Rommel’s Afrika Corps back • Gen. Eisenhower “Ike” led an American force from Morocco which trapped and crushed Germany’s Afrika Corp in May 1943

  8. Battle of Stalingrad • Turning point in the East • Aug. 1942, Germans begin bombing raids • By Nov. Germans control 90% of the city • Could not force a surrender before winter • Soviets launch a counterattack • Soviets force surrender and begin to push the German army back through Soviet Union • German army of 330,000 was reduced to 90,000

  9. Invasion of Italy • July 1943 British and American forces led by Gen. Patton and Gen. Montgomery invade the island of Sicily • Conquered Sicily in 1 month • Toppled Mussolini from power • Italy surrenders on Sept. 3 1943 and enter Rome in June 1944

  10. Operation Overlord • June 6 1944, D-Day • Gen. Eisenhower assembles the largest land/sea invasion in History • Allies land on the beaches of Normandy, France • Allies took massive casualties but held the beaches and allowed troops/equipment to be moved in • Turning pt. of 20 century • By Sept. they liberated France, Belgium, and Luxembourg

  11. Battle of the Bulge • Dec. 16, 1944 • Last German offensive of the war • German tanks broke through in the Ardennes • Although completely surprised the Allies were able to push the Germans back through the Bulge • The back of Germany had been broken!

  12. Victory in Europe • May 8, 1945; V-E Day • 9 million Allied and Soviet troops approached Berlin • Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide on April 30 • Gen. Eisenhower and President Truman accept Germany’s unconditional surrender on May 7

  13. Victory in the Pacific • Oct. 23, 1944; Battle of Leyte Gulf • Gamble by Japan that didn’t pay off and the Japanese Navy was destroyed • Only army and kamikazes stood between the Allies and Japan • Iwo Jima and Okinawa • Japanese homeland islands that were taken between March and June • Bloodiest battles of the war • Japanese lost 100,000 troops to the Americans 12,000

  14. Manhattan Project • Secret project to develop the atomic bomb led by Gen. Leslie Groves and Dr. Robert Oppenheimer • Pres. Truman had to decide to either use the bomb or invade the Japanese island • Aug 6, 1945; The “Enola Gay” drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima • 70,000-80,000 people died in the attack • Aug 9, 1945; 2nd bomb was dropped on Nagasaki • More than 70,000 people were immediately killed • Aug. 14, 1945; V-J Day • Japan surrenders to Gen. MacArthur on Sept. 2 1945

  15. Closing • What was the U.S. War Strategy in the Pacific? • What were the turning pts in the Pacific, Soviet Union, and Western Europe? • Who was “Ike”? • What was Hitler’s last gamble to win the war? • What was the significance of the Battle of Leyte Gulf? • What was the Manhattan Project? • How did WWII come to an end?

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