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Vocabulary Week 17!!

reactants products synthesis decomposition combustion. shibboleth propitiate chortle unremitting inure. Vocabulary Week 17!!. Chemical reactions involve changes with atoms’ electrons. Nuclear reactions involve changes with atom’s nucleus. Remember…. Reactants

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Vocabulary Week 17!!

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  1. reactants products synthesis decomposition combustion shibboleth propitiate chortle unremitting inure Vocabulary Week 17!!

  2. Chemical reactions involve changes with atoms’ electrons Nuclear reactions involve changes with atom’s nucleus Remember…

  3. Reactants Starting substances in a reaction Arrow points away from reactants Products Substances formed during a reaction Arrow points to products + 

  4. Chemical Reactions • Types • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single displacement • Double displacement • Combustion

  5. Synthesis • Two or more substances react to produce one product A + B  AB 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl

  6. Decomposition • Single reactant breaks down into two or more products AB  A + B 2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2 Sodium azide decomposes into nitrogen gas and is used in air bags.

  7. Single Displacement • Atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound A + BX  AX + B Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2 Tums is used to neutralize stomach acid

  8. Double Displacement • Exchange of positive ions between substances AX + BY  BX + AY CaCO3 + H2SO3  H2CO3 + CaSO4

  9. Double Replacement • Marble can become eroded by acid rain. Calcium sulfate, a product, leaves a white coating on the statue.

  10. Combustion • Oxygen combines with a substance and releases energy (and usually products include carbon dioxide and water) A + O2 CO2 + H2O + bi-products C8H18 + O2  CO2 + H2O + energy

  11. Changes in Matter • Evidence of chemical reaction: • Gas is produced • Color Change • Change in smell • Formation of solid—precipitate • Light is produced • Temperature change -exothermic -endothermic

  12. Some reactions occur in water • When a solid substance is dissolved in water it is an aqueous solution (aq)

  13. Reactivity Series Most Active Lithium Rubidium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Manganese Zinc Iron Nickel Tin Lead Copper Silver Platinum Gold • Helps determine if a reaction will occur • If the single element is higher on the list  yes a reaction will occur • If the single element is lower on the list  NO REACTION A + BX  AX + B Al + PbNO3 

  14. Al (s) + PbNO3 (aq)  • Cu (s) + MgSO4 • Al (s) + SnPO4(aq)  • Zn (s) + K3PO4(aq)  • Fe (aq) + KCl (aq) 

  15. 6. Mg (s) + NaNO3 (aq)  7. Zn (s) + CuCl2 (aq)  8. Na (s) + Au(OH)2 (l)  9. Zn (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)  10. Fe (s) + Ni(ClO3)2 (aq) 

  16. 11. Au (s) + CaSO4 (aq)  12. Mg (s) + LiBr (aq)  13. Ni (s) + CaSO4 (aq)  14. Al (s) + KClO2 (aq)  15. Mn (s) + Na3PO4 (l) 

  17. 16. Al (s) + Sn(NO3)2 (aq)  17. Ag (s) + PbCl4 (aq)  18. Zn (aq) + FeI3 (aq)  19. K (s) + Cu(ClO3)2(aq)  20. Pb (s) + Au3(PO4)2 (aq) 

  18. Law of Conservation of Mass • Mass/matter can not be created nor destroyed • Atoms you start with (reactants) must still be there when you end (products) • This is called balancing the equation • Mass Reactants = Mass Products

  19. Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2 • Big numbers = Coefficients • can change • Small numbers = Subscripts • DO NOT CHANGE, if you change you no longer have the same substance

  20. Steps to balancing equations • Write formulas for all compounds (sometimes it is given) • Separate Reactants and products by a line • Count how many atoms of each element are present on the reactant and the product side (element inventory) • Change coefficients so that element inventory is balanced • Simplify coefficients • Check work

  21. Al + O2 Al2O3 C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

  22. KNO3 KNO2 + O2 O2 + CS2 CO2 + SO2

  23. Cu + H2O  CuO + H2 Cu + Cl2 CuCl2

  24. Al(NO3)3+ NaOH  Al(OH)3 + NaNO3 Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2

  25. KOH + HBr  KBr + H2O Al + S8 Al2S3

  26. Al(OH)3 + H2CO3 Al2(CO3)3 + H2O Al(OH)3 + HBr  AlBr3 + H2O

  27. single displacement double displacement reactivity series precipitate aqueous obsequious moribund winnow flaccid rife Vocab Week 18!Last one this semester!

  28. Na + NaNO3 Na2O + N2 Li + AlCl3 LiCl + Al

  29. NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2

  30. sodium hydroxide  sodium oxide + water sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas

  31. carbon tetrahydride reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water chlorine + sodium iodide  sodium chloride + iodine

  32. hydrogen chlorite  chlorine (III) oxide + water ammonium phosphate + barium hydroxide  ammonium hydroxide + barium phosphate

  33. Ba (s) + O2(g) BaO2(s) • HNO3(aq) + LiOH(aq) LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l) • 2Sb(s) + 3 I2 (g) 2SbI3(g) • C3H8 + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

  34. 5. H3PO4(aq)+ LiOH (aq) Li3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) 6. Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) 7. CS2(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + S2(s)

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