What is the name of this building? Where is this building located?

1. Bell Work Bell Work Answer these questions on the ½ sheet of paper I handed you at the door. • What is the name of this building? • Where is this building located? • Why was this building built?

2. Muslim Ways of Life Section 11.3

3. Trade and Everyday Life • Muslims were the leading merchants in the Middle East and northern Africa until the 1400s. • Traded spices, cloth, glass, and carpets • Bought rubies, silk, ivory, gold, and slaves • Because Muslims were the main merchants their language, Arabic became the language of business and they began using coins to pay for things.

4. What were Muslim cities like? • Large cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus developed along the trade routes • These cities became important centers for trade government, learning, and the arts. • Muslim cities all looked similar with palaces and mosques. • Mosque – Muslim house of worship that also serves as a school, court, and learning center.

5. What were Muslim cities like? • Muslim cities also had a bazaar (marketplace with stalls and shops where people sold goods from all over Asia). • While cities were important, most Muslims lived in villages and farmed the land.

6. Muslim Society Gov’t leaders, landowners, traders The Muslim society fell into social groups based on power and wealth. Muslims couldn’t be enslaved so traders brought enslaved people from non-Muslim areas to the area that were prisoners of war to serve as servants or soldiers and let them buy back their freedom. Artisans, farmers, & workers Enslaved people

7. Shah Abbas I • Shah of Iran from 1587-1629 as part of the Safavid Dynasty. Under his rule of the Persian Empire he was able to take back some of the land from the Turks, move the capital to Isfanhan and create a large-scale building program. He transformed the capital into Iran’s most beautiful city. • Shah Abbas’ reign was known as the “Golden Age of Arts” in Iran. • He is recognizable by his extravagantly large turban and long mustache.

8. Muslim Achievements • Mathematics and Science • Muslims invented Algebra, borrowed the symbols 0-9 from Hindu scholars in India • Muslim scientists perfected the Greek astrolabe to study the stars and determine one’s location at sea. And determined that the earth was round. • They also were the founders of chemistry. • Arab doctors discovered that blood circulates and IbnSina showed how disease spread from person to person.

9. Muslim Writings • The Thousand and One Nights (also known as Arabian Nights) is one of the most well known of Muslim writings – tales from India, Persia, and Arabia. Includes the story of Aladdin and his magic lamp. • Omar Khayyam – Persian poet that wrote Rubaiyat. • IbnKhaldun– great Muslim historian, wrote about how geography and climate affected people.

10. Art and Buildings • Muslims created beautiful art designed to take the place of images of Muhammad since they weren’t allowed to show images of him. Designs entwined with flowers, leaves and stars were used to decorate, walls, books, rugs, and buildings. • Buildings – beautiful mosques filled the cities. Many mosques had minarets - towers from which the crier (announcer) calls the people to prayer 5 times a day.

11. TajMahal • Built by Mogul emperor Shah Jhan as a tomb for his third wife after her death in 1629. Made of marble and precious stones.