Exam: The Divided Union. Remember timing.

1. Exam: The Divided Union. Remember timing. Make sure you always use the words from the question in your answer.

2. 1 Study Source A. What can you learn from Source A about women in US society in the 1960s? (6) Source A: From The Feminine Mystique, written by Betty Friedan in 1963. The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women. It was a strange sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century in the United States. It was clear that truly feminine women should not want careers, higher education or political rights. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, and made peanut butter sandwiches with her children – she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question –‘Is this all?’

3. What do you need to do to get top marks? Give two supported inferences. Explain what you can infer about women in US society in the 1960s. Make sure you explain how you have inferred this – give a quotation to back up what you are saying, I can infer …….. This is because I can also infer …. This is because……..

4. 1 Study Source A. What can you learn from Source A about women in US society in the 1960s? (6) Source A: From The Feminine Mystique, written by Betty Friedan in 1963. The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women. It was a strange sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century in the United States. It was clear that truly feminine women should not want careers, higher education or political rights. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, and made peanut butter sandwiches with her children – she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question –‘Is this all?’ I can infer that women in US society were expected to stay at home. This is because the source says that women were not expected to ‘want careers, higher education or political rights’. I can also infer that women had been unhappy about this for a long time but felt it was wrong it question their place in society. This is because the source says that women were afraid to ask ‘is this all?’

5. 2 Study Source B and use your own knowledge. What was the purpose of publishing this photograph in the USA at the time? Use details of the photograph and your own knowledge to explain your answer. (8) Source B: A photograph taken by the Women’s Liberation Movement. It shows members of the Movement demonstrating in August 1970.

6. What do you need to do to get top marks? Explain what the purpose was of publishing this photograph at this time. Why was the photo published? What was the message it was trying to get across? How do you know this? What is in the source? What do you know was happening at the time- the context – your own knowledge.

7. 2 Study Source B and use your own knowledge. What was the purpose of publishing this photograph in the USA at the time? Use details of the photograph and your own knowledge to explain your answer. (8) The purpose of this photograph was to gain publicity for the Women’s Liberation Movement. The purpose was to get people to understand what the women wanted to achieve. I can infer from the photo that the women were unhappy with their place in US society and that they wanted to gain equal rights and independence. From my own knowledge I know that some progress had been made by the women’s movement by 1970 but there was still not a law that said that women should have the same rights as men – in fact this is still not part of US law. Source B: A photograph taken by the Women’s Liberation Movement. It shows members of the Movement demonstrating in August 1970.

8. 3 Study Sources A, B and C. How far do these sources agree that women in the USA challenged their traditional role in society? Explain your answer, using the sources. (10) What do you need to do to get top marks? This question is asking you to think about how much each of these sources agree / or disagree with the view that women in the USA challenged their role in society. Write a paragraph on each source explaining whether or not it agrees that women in the USA challenged their role. Make sure you pull the bits out – back up what you are saying with information from the source. The examiners also like it if you write about how typical the source is. Make sure you have a conclusion that explains how far they agree.

9. Source A: From The Feminine Mystique, written by Betty Friedan in 1963. The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women. It was a strange sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century in the United States. It was clear that truly feminine women should not want careers, higher education or political rights. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, and made peanut butter sandwiches with her children – she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question –‘Is this all?’ To some extent Source A agrees that women in the USA challenged their traditional role in society. This is because the author of Source A, Betty Friedan, was prepared to write a book in 1963 drawing attention to the inequality faced by women. However on the other hand Friedan points out that for many years the majority of women in the US were frightened to challenge their traditional role in US society.

10. To some extent Source B supports the view that women in the US were prepared to challenge their traditional role in society as it shows women protesting about the fact that they do not have equal rights with men and that they want independence not dependence. However the photograph only shows a few women – this might not be typical for all women. These might just show that only a few extremists were prepared to challenge the role of women in society. Source B: A photograph taken by the Women’s Liberation Movement. It shows members of the Movement demonstrating in August 1970.

11. Source C: From a declaration made at the first national conference of the National Organization for Women (NOW), in October 1966. We, men and women of the National Organization for Women, believe that the time has come for a new movement toward true equality for all women in America, and toward a fully equal partnership of the sexes. The purpose of NOW is to take action to bring women into complete participation in American society now, having all the privileges and responsibilities in full and equal partnership with men. Source C also agrees that women were prepared to challenge their role in society. I can learn from the source that NOW was set up with the aim of bringing about equality for women. This is because in the source it talks about the purpose of NOW is to achieve ‘complete participation in American society’ for women. To conclude all three sources agree that women in the US were prepared to challenge their traditional role in society. However I can learn from Source A that many women had been frightened to challenge their role as housewives.

12. 4 Study Sources D and E and use your own knowledge. How useful are Sources D and E as evidence of protest in the 1960s? Explain your answer, using Sources D and E and your own knowledge. (10) Source D: A photograph of a student demonstration at the University of Berkeley, 1967, against the war in Vietnam. Source E: From the song The Times They Are A-Changin’ by Bob Dylan. The song was written in 1963. Come senators, congressmen Please heed the call Don’t stand in the doorway Don’t block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled* There’s a battle outside And it is ragin’. It’ll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a changin’. * stalled = delayed

13. 4 Study Sources D and E and use your own knowledge. How useful are Sources D and E as evidence of protest in the 1960s? Explain your answer, using Sources D and E and your own knowledge. (10) What do you need to do to get top marks? You have to decide how useful the two sources are. You will have to think about how reliable each of the sources are. The purpose / limitations. You need to look at three things: The blurb – the w’s – think about the purpose and the reliability The source – the nature of the source – what type of source is it? - and the content of the source – what can you learn from it? Remember that you also have to use your own knowledge. Again the examiners like the words typical / limitations/ on the other hand / moreover

14. Source D does have some uses for finding out about protest in the 1960s. The source is useful as it is a photograph that was taken in 1967. The photograph provides a lot of information. I can learn that many people were angry about the war in Vietnam. People were prepared to go to prison rather than fight. It is also useful as I can learn that students were prepared to demonstrate against the war. As the photo was taken in 1967 it provides first hand evidence about the methods of protest. There are limitations with this source. I don’t know how typical these people were. I also can’t learn anything about how successful this protest was or about other types of protest such as civil rights. However from my own knowledge I know that many people did protest against Vietnam. Source D: A photograph of a student demonstration at the University of Berkeley, 1967, against the war in Vietnam.

15. Source E: From the song The Times They Are A-Changin’ by Bob Dylan. The song was written in 1963. Come senators, congressmen Please heed the call Don’t stand in the doorway Don’t block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled* There’s a battle outside And it is ragin’. It’ll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a changin’. * stalled = delayed Source E is also useful for finding out about protest in the 1960s. From the lyrics I can learn that there was a ‘battle’ going on. From this I can infer that many people were involved in protesting in an attempt to bring about change. I can infer that the protest movement was successful as Dylan says that times are changing. It is also useful as it was written in 1963 and has been written to explain what is happening in the US at that time. There are limitations with this source. It is only a song and therefore its lyrics might not be accurate. Dylan may be exaggerating what is happening at the time. Moreover it doesn’t explain what people were protesting about.

16. 5 Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. ‘The main reason for protest in the USA in the 1960s was the war in Vietnam.’ How far do the sources in this paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. (16) What do you need to do to get top marks? Begin by explaining which sources agree. Make sure you explain how you know they agree. Make a comment on the reliability or typicality of one of these sources. Then write about which ones don’t agree Again comment on reliability or typicality of one of these sources. In your conclusion make sure you form a judgement on how far the sources support the statement. The last source is always from a text book – therefore balanced and objective ‘onest!

17. Source F: From a textbook on the USA, published in 2005. The 1960s saw a variety of protest movements in the USA, with many groups campaigning for improved black or female civil rights or opposing government policies. This unrest spread to colleges and universities and led to student demonstrations. Protest was also influenced by the assassination of President Kennedy in 1963, the pop music explosion of the 1960s, the war in Vietnam and student unrest across the world.

18. 5 Study all the sources (A to F) and use your own knowledge. ‘The main reason for protest in the USA in the 1960s was the war in Vietnam.’ How far do the sources in this paper support this statement? Use details from the sources and your own knowledge to explain your answer. (16) There is only one source that focuses purely on protest against Vietnam. Source D shows students demonstrating against the war. It also shows that people of different ages were prepared to prepared to protest against the war. An old person in a wheelchair asks people to be willing to go to prison rather than fight in Vietnam. However this photograph may not be typical of all protest demonstrations Moreover it can not be used to argue that Vietnam was the main reason for protest – just one of the things that Americans were protesting about. Source F mentions that protest was influenced by Vietnam but does not support the argument that it was the main reason for protest. Instead it mentions lots of different reasons for protest including civil rights. This source is particularly useful as it is from a modern text book and is likely to be balanced and objective and therefore reliable. Source E does not suggest that the main reason for protest was Vietnam. In fact this source can not be used as evidence what any reason for protest was.

19. Sources A B and C suggest that the main reason for protest in the USA in the 1960s was the women’s movement. Source A is a book that was published in 1963 and which draws attention to that fact that women had no prospect in life other than that of housewife. Source B shows women protesting for an equal rights amendment to the US constitution. From Source C I can learn that NOW was set up to gain equality for women. However none of these sources may be typical of the main reason for protest. In conclusion most of these sources do not support this statement. Only one focuses on the importance of the war in Vietnam. Most agree that the main reason for protest at this time was to gain equality for women.