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Feed Nutrients

Feed Nutrients. Animal Science II Unit 6. Objectives. Identify the major functions of the basic nutrient groups and identify the feeds that are sources of each. Identify the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group. Nutrients.

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Feed Nutrients

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  1. Feed Nutrients Animal Science IIUnit 6

  2. Objectives • Identify the major functions of the basic nutrient groups and identify the feeds that are sources of each. • Identify the characteristics of nutrient sources for each basic nutrient group.

  3. Nutrients • A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life. • Become part of the cells of the body • Necessary for life, growth and proper function • Different kinds needed by different animals • Must be in balance

  4. 5 Groups of Nutrients • Energy • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals • water

  5. Energy-Carbohydrates • Main energy nutrient in animal rations • Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose and lignin • Chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • Provide energy for body cells • Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat

  6. Simple Carbohydrates • Sugars and starches • Easily digested • Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) • Comes from cereal grains

  7. Complex Carbohydrates • Fiber • Made up of cellulose and lignin • Harder to digest • Found mainly in roughages

  8. Energy Nutrients • Fats and oils • Higher energy value than carbohydrates • Fats have 2.25 times the energy value • Easily digested • Provide energy and body heat and carry the fat soluble vitamins • Come from both plant and animal sources

  9. Proteins • Organic compounds made up of amino acids • Supply material to build body tissue • Essential to fetal development • Table 6-1 (p. 129) shows the essential and nonessential amino acids

  10. Sources of Protein Animal Protein Plant Protein • Good quality • Meat & Bone meal • Can not be fed to ruminant animals • Poorer quality • Will meet ruminant needs • Cereal grains in the right combination will meet the needs of nonruminants • Soybean oil meal is most commonly used

  11. Vitamins • Trace organic compounds • Only needed in small amounts • Divided into 2 groups • Fat soluble and water soluble

  12. Vitamins Fat Soluble Water Solvable • Dissolve in fat • A, D, E, K • Sources • Green leafy hay • Yellow corn • Cod liver & other fish oils • Wheat germ oil • Green pasture • Vitamin D is produced in the animals body if the animal receives direct sunlight part of the day • Dissolve in water • Vitamin C & B-Complex vitamins • Sources • Green pasture (C & B) • Hay (C) • Green leafy hay (B) • Cereal grains (B) • Milk (B) • Fish soluble (B) • Certain animal proteins (B)

  13. Minerals • Inorganic materials • Needed in small amounts • Divided into two groups • Major-needed in large amounts • Trace- needed in small amounts • May be deficient in some part of the US • See table 6-2 p. 132

  14. Minerals Major Minerals Trace Minerals • Often found lacking • Salt • Calcium • Phosphorus • Usually found in adequate amounts • Potassium, Sulfur, Magnesium, Iron, Iodine, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Manganese, Boron, Molybdenum, Fluorine,selenium

  15. Water • Importance is often forgotten • 40-80% of the animals body • Functions • Dissolves nutrients • Controls temperature • Carries nutrients • Necessary for chemical reactions

  16. Commercial Feed Tag • Show the guaranteed minimum of • Crude protein or total protein • Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the feed multiplied by 6.25 • Vitamins • Minerals

  17. Summary • Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds that aid in the support of life • Need all 5 groups to produce efficiently • Supplied by grains, forages and commercial feed mixes

  18. Assignment • Complete discussion questions 1-22

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