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Stoichiometry

Chapter 9. Stoichiometry. CHEMICAL BONDING. Stoichiometry. Introduction to Stoichiometry Applications of Stoichiometry Reaction-Stoichiometry. Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Mole-Mole Calculations Mole-Mass Calculations Mass-Mole Calculations Mass-Mass Calculations.

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Stoichiometry

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  1. Chapter 9 Stoichiometry

  2. CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry • Introduction to Stoichiometry • Applications of Stoichiometry • Reaction-Stoichiometry • Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations • Mole-Mole Calculations • Mole-Mass Calculations • Mass-Mole Calculations • Mass-Mass Calculations • Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield • Limiting Reactants • Percent Yield

  3. CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry • Introduction to Stoichiometry • Applications of Stoichiometry • Reaction-Stoichiometry • Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations • Mole-Mole Calculations • Mole-Mass Calculations • Mass-Mole Calculations • Mass-Mass Calculations • Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield • Limiting Reactants • Percent Yield

  4. CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry Reaction Stoichiometry involves the mass relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Composition Stoichiometry involves the mass relationships of elements in compounds. N2O5 The branch of chemistry that deals with the mass relationships of elements in compounds and the mass relationships between reactants and products in a reaction is called Stoichiometry.

  5. CHEMICAL BONDING Applications of Stoichiometry Chemical Industry Pharmacology Pharmacy

  6. CHEMICAL BONDING Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Reactants Products P4 (s) + 6 Cl2 (g) 4 PCl3 (s) 1 molecule 6 molecules 4 molecules 1 mole 6.00 moles 4.00 moles 124 g 425 g 549 g (= 124 g + 425g)

  7. CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry • Introduction to Stoichiometry • Applications of Stoichiometry • Reaction-Stoichiometry • Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations • Mole-Mole Calculations • Mole-Mass Calculations • Mass-Mole Calculations • Mass-Mass Calculations • Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield • Limiting Reactants • Percent Yield

  8. CHEMICAL BONDING Mole-Mass Problems A B Moles A Moles B Mass B (grams)

  9. CHEMICAL BONDING Mass-Mole Problems A B Mass A (grams) Moles A Moles B

  10. CHEMICAL BONDING Mass-Mass Problems A B Mass A (grams) Moles A Moles B Mass B (grams)

  11. CHEMICAL BONDING Molar Mass 102 g Al2O3 1 mol Al2O3 1 mol Al2O3 102 g Al2O3 OR 27.0 g Al 1 mol Al 1 mole Al 27.0 g Al OR 32.0 g O2 1 mol O2 1 mol O2 32.0 g O2 OR Molar mass is the mass, in grams, of one mole of substance 2 Al2O3 (l) 4 Al (s) + 3O2 (g)

  12. CHEMICAL BONDING Mole Ratio 2 Al2O3 (l) 4 Al (s) + 3O2 (g) 2 mol Al2O3 4 mol Al 2 mol Al2O3 3 mol O2 4 mol Al 3 mol O2 4 mol Al 2 mol Al2O3 OR 3 mol O2 2 mol Al2O3 OR 3 mol O2 4 mol Al OR Mole ratio is a conversion factor that relates the number of moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction

  13. CHEMICAL BONDING Reaction Stoichiometry Problems 1 Mass A (grams) Moles A x Moles B molar mass of A X Moles A Mole Ratio Moles B Mass B (grams) molar mass of B x

  14. CHEMICAL BONDING Mole-Mole Problems A B Moles A Moles B

  15. CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry • Introduction to Stoichiometry • Applications of Stoichiometry • Reaction-Stoichiometry • Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations • Mole-Mole Calculations • Mole-Mass Calculations • Mass-Mole Calculations • Mass-Mass Calculations • Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield • Limiting Reactants • Percent Yield

  16. Limiting Reactants 3 hamburger patties 6 hamburger buns 12 slices of cheese 3 Groups of Reactants

  17. Limiting Reactants Extra Reagents 3 hamburger buns Products 6 slices of cheese

  18. CHEMICAL BONDING Percent Yield Actual Yield Percent Yield = X 100 Theoretical Yield Theoretical Yield: is the maxi- mum amount that can be produced from a given amount of reactants. Actual Yield: is the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction.

  19. SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY

  20. Solution Concentration 6 M HCl 12 M H2SO4 3 M HNO3 1 M NaOH What is M means ???????

  21. MOLARITY Moles of Solute Volume of Solution Molarity is a way to represent the concentration of solutions Molarity = M = moles / Liter

  22. Concentration of Ions Ionic compounds break into ions in the aqueous solution NaCl Na+ Cl- 6 M 6 M 6 M K2CO3 2 K+ CO32- 6 M 2 x 6 M 6 M Al2(SO4)3 2 Al3+ 3 SO42- 6 M 2 x 6 M 3 x 6 M

  23. Molarity by Dilution Extensive use in Laboratory We have 12M HCl solution, we need to make 500 mL of 3 M HCl solution. How do we make it????? M1 . V1 = M2 . V2 12M . V1 = 3 M . 500 mL V1 = 125 mL

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