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Theodor Herzl (1860-1904)

One of the founders of modern Zionism – the political, largely secular project to create a state for the Jewish people Lived in Austro-Hungarian Empire and worked as a journalist, lawyer, and writer in Vienna

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Theodor Herzl (1860-1904)

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  1. One of the founders of modern Zionism – the political, largely secular project to create a state for the Jewish people • Lived in Austro-Hungarian Empire and worked as a journalist, lawyer, and writer in Vienna • Initially a believer in the emancipation of Jews and their assimilation into European societies • Witness to wave of anti-Semitism in France following the Dreyfus Affair of 1894 • Ultimately rejected assimilation into European societies and called for Jews to leave Europe and create their own Jewish state • Author of The Jewish State (1896) Theodor Herzl (1860-1904)

  2. Earl of Cromer (Evelyn Baring) (1841-1917) • Britain’s consul-general in Egypt from 1883-1897 • Effectively ruled over Egypt while it was still under the Ottoman Empire • Egypt became a British protectorate (1914-1922) • Cromer: strong believer in British imperialism and its civilizing mission in its colonies • Cromer’s strategy: remake Egypt into a nation that embodies the universalist values of a now exportable Western Civilization

  3. Joseph Chamberlain (1836-1914) • British social reformer, politician, and imperialist • Secretary of State of the colonies in the coalition government of Lord Salisbury (1895-1903) • Advocate of social progressivism and empire • Critic of free trade capitalism and proponent of exclusive trading bloc within the British Empire • Speech, “Preference, the True Imperial Policy” (February 1905)

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