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Chapter 13: Global climate

Chapter 13: Global climate. A world with many climates Climatic classification - the Köppen system The global pattern of climate. A world with many climates. Global temperatures.

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Chapter 13: Global climate

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  1. Chapter 13: Global climate • A world with many climates • Climatic classification - the Köppen system • The global pattern of climate

  2. A world with many climates

  3. Global temperatures • controls on climate:- intensity of sunshine and its variation with latitude- distribution of land and water- ocean currents- prevailing winds- location of high and low pressure areas- mountain barriers- altitude • ‘bending’ of isotherms near continents

  4. Global precipitation • relationship to areas of rising and sinking air • influence of ITCZ • influence of orographic uplift and rain shadows • Precipitation is most abundant where air rises,and least abundant where it sinks.

  5. Climatic classification - the Köppen system

  6. Climatic classification - the Köppen system • Tropical moist climates • dry climates • moist midlatitude climates with mild winters • moist midlatitude climates with severe winters • polar climates • criticisms of the Köppen climate classification system • The Köppenclimate classification system was firstpublished in 1918.

  7. The global pattern of climate

  8. The global pattern of climate • Major features of Earth’s climate distribution • local variations within larger climate regions

  9. Tropical moist climates (Group A) • tropical wet (Af) • Tropical rain forests and monsoons are included in this category

  10. Tropical moist climates (Group A) • tropical monsoon (Am)

  11. Tropical moist climates (Group A) • tropical wet and dry (Aw)

  12. Dry climates (Group B) • arid (BW) • Deserts and steppes are included in this category

  13. Dry climates (Group B) • semiarid (BS)

  14. Moist subtropical mid-latitude climates (Group C) • humid subtropical (CfA) • Hot, muggy summers and relatively mild winters are typical of this category

  15. Moist subtropical mid-latitude climates (Group C) • marine (CfB)

  16. Moist subtropical mid-latitude climates (Group C) • Mediterranean (Cs)

  17. Moist continental climates (Group D) • humid continental with hot summers (Dfa) • This category is sometimes referred to as a Mediterranean climate

  18. Moist continental climates (Group D) • humid continental with cool summers (Dfb)

  19. Moist continental climates (Group D) • subpolar (Dfc)

  20. Polar climates (Group E) • polar tundra (ET) • This climate is not necessarily found at in the polarregions; it is sometimes found at high altitudes. There,however, it is called a Highland climate (Group H).

  21. Polar climates (Group E) • polar ice caps (EF)

  22. Highland climates (Group H) • altitude effects are similar to latitude effects

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