Detection and the impact of man-made interference on EES (passive) operations

1. Detection and the impact of man-made interference on EES (passive) operations Thomas vonDeak NASA Spectrum Management Office 28-October-2004 “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy" Hotel Panorama, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, 28-29 October 2004

2. ITU-R WP 7C Q.[MITIGATION] • Draft New Question intended to aid EES passive in addressing recurring issues impacting the study of unwanted emissions and in-band interference issues. • Approved by ITU-R WP 7C on 18 March 2004 • To be considered by SG 7 (tent. Nov. 2005) • Review of the Decides: • - What prompted the particular Decides • - The anticipated scope of the work (my view) • - The status of current work • - What needs to be done (again my view) “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

3. ITU-R WP 7C Q.[MITIGATION] Characterization of technical parameters and interference effects and possible interference mitigation techniques for passive sensors operating in the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) Questions to be studied: 1 Passive sensor applications and products 2 Typical passive sensors characteristics 3 Characterization of degradation from all possible interference sources 4 Identification of interference degradation 5 Passive sensors interference mitigation techniques “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

4. Decides 1: Passive sensor applications and products • Why • To increase the understanding within the ITU-R (and WRC) of the nature and impact of EES operations to societal and economic institutions. • Builds on Recommendation ITU-R SA.515 Frequency Bands and Bandwidths used for Satellite Passive Sensing • Scope (Presumably an ITU-R Report): • Description of the various passive sensor operations. • Description of post-sensor processing and products. • Explanation of the interdependency between sensor operations in multiple bands. • Providing a quantitative measure of product quality. • More quantitative than qualitative description of the societal and economic value of the products. • Overview of the future directions of sensor developments and their impact on products. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

5. Decides 1: Passive sensor applications and products • Status • No current inputs into ITU-R WP 7C on this subject • US may input contribution for the November 2005 WP 7C meeting • Further Work • Review of scope “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

6. Decides 2: Typical passive sensors characteristics • Why • Provide a uniform set of characteristics to be used in sharing/compatibility studies. • Scope: Presumably a Recommendation • Technical description of the various types of EES sensor characteristics • Table of parameters of the sensor types on a band-by-band basis “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

7. Decides 2: Typical passive sensors characteristics • Status • Annex 9of WP 7C Chairman’s Report- Working document toward a preliminary draft new Recommendation - Typical technical and operational characteristics of Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) systems operating below 275 GHz • Further Work • Development of band-by-band characteristics. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

8. Decides 3: Characterization of degradation from all possible interference sources • Why • Provides the foundation for developing interference apportionments for use in studies. • Scope: Leads to Recommendation on apportionment • Definition of interference degradation that supports a methodology for evaluating the impact of interference and mitigation techniques on sensor operations and products. Possible candidate: Increase of measurement uncertainty. • Summary of all possible interference sources by types of sources • Assessment of interference sources by type for their impact on sensor operations (eg., spurious emissions) “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

9. Decides 3: Characterization of degradation from all possible interference sources • Status • Annex 21of WP 7C Chairman’s Report - Working document toward apportionment of interference criteria from Recommendation ITU-R SA.1029-2 • US might not submit inputs on this subject. • Further Work • Resolution of the issue regarding the nature of the interference and its impact on apportionment methodology: constant vs time varying interference. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

10. Decides 4: Identification of interference degradation • Why • Provides foundation for identifying and evaluating mitigation techniques that may be considered by designers of EES sensor systems and/or applied to sensor data processing • Scope • Defines interference parameters which can be potentially used to differentiate between man-made interference and natural emissions in sensor operations and sensor data processing. • Provides methods for differentiation between man-made interference and natural emissions on a per pixel basis during sensor operations and sensor data processing. • Provides methodology for assessing quantitatively the potential for differentiation methods to improve the quality of sensor data processing products. • Provides methodology for assessing the impact of “grey pixels” on sensor data processing products. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

11. Decides 4: Identification of interference degradation • Status • US is preparing a contribution on this subject for the WP 7C November 2005 meeting. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

12. Decides 5: Passive sensors interference mitigation techniques • Why • Expansion of the cursory work started in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1542 The protection of passive services from unwanted emissions • Addresses the issue of “equitable burden sharing”. • Provides recommendation on passive sensor techniques that should be employed to mitigate interference. • Scope • Summary of passive sensor interference mitigation techniques. • Provides methodology for quantitatively assessing interference mitigation techniques improvement of the quality of sensor data processing products. • Recommendation on a band-by-band basis of interference mitigation techniques that should be employed by designers of sensor operations and sensor data processing. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

13. Decides 5: Passive sensors mitigation techniques • Status • US planning input for WP 7C November 2005 meeting “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

14. And Also Computer Simulation of Active Service transmitter emissions • Why • Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 regarded as too conservative overstating the amount of unwanted emission power. • Proposed raised cosine spectra representation regarded as too optimistic or incorrect. • Computer simulated MSS feeder link transmitter closely matched measured spectra. • Computer simulations can indicate the effectiveness and relative burden (that is, cost) of possible solutions. • Scope: revision of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1633 Compatibility analysis between a passive service and an active service allocated in adjacent and nearby bands “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

15. Computer Simulation of Active Service transmitter emissions • Status • WP 9D: “acceptable approach”. • WP 7C: supports the use of this methodology. • WP 4A: recommends use on a case by case basis in TG 1/9 studies. • WP 8B: not appropriate to represent radar transmitters. • Further Work • US submission into ITU-R TG 1/9 of proposed OOB factors for the fixed-service and fixed-satellite service that have been simulated with available parameters. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"