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Einstein’s Static Universe

Einstein’s Static Universe. (1917). De Sitter’s Accelerating Universe. Always expanding exponential curve R = exp[t /3] No matter – only  It has no beginning and no end (1917). Willem De Sitter 1872-1934. Friedmann’s universes. 1888-1925. 1922,1924. Edwin Hubble. (1889-1953).

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Einstein’s Static Universe

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  1. Einstein’s Static Universe (1917)

  2. De Sitter’s Accelerating Universe Always expanding exponential curve R = exp[t/3] No matter – only  It has no beginning and no end (1917) Willem De Sitter 1872-1934

  3. Friedmann’s universes 1888-1925 1922,1924

  4. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Hubble-Humason Law today Milton Humason (1891-1972)

  5. The Einstein-de Sitter Universe 1932 ‘the paper by Einstein and myself I do not myself consider the result of much importance, but Einstein seemed to think It was’ De Sitter ‘I do not think the paper very important myself, but de Sitter was keen on it’ Einstein  = 0

  6. Lemaître's Universe 1927 The best description of the visible universetoday  > 0

  7. Tolman’s Oscillating Universe Richard Tolman and Einstein at Cal Tech 1932

  8. Tolman includes the 2nd Law of thermodynamics: Oscillations grow (1932) JDB + Dabrowski include the cosmological constant: Oscillations always end (1995)

  9. Kasner’s Anisotropic Universe Volume  abc  time Edward Kasner (1878-1955) 1921

  10. expansion shear rotation

  11. Gödel's Rotating Universe Allows time travel to occur ! 1949

  12. Real Universes Tend to Get Lumpy Is this the origin of galaxies ? Newton 1693 Jeans 1902 Lifshitz 1946

  13. The Big Bang Universes

  14. The Evidence of a Hot Early History

  15. The Inflationary Universe A temporary lambda 1981

  16. Even Smaller Beginnings

  17. Chaotic Inflation Geography is more complicated than we thought

  18. Eternal Inflation 1077 More than 10 by-universes from our patch alone

  19. The Universe is Accelerating Again  > 0 Lemaître's universe describes our visible universe to high precision

  20. The Return of Lambda ?  ?

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