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Vocabulary

Vocabulary. Periods Groups Metals Non-metals Metalloids. Periodic Law. The Periodic Law states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. Periods.

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Vocabulary

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  1. Vocabulary • Periods • Groups • Metals • Non-metals • Metalloids

  2. Periodic Law • The Periodic Law states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

  3. Periods • The horizontal rows of the periodic table (1-7) • Tell us how many or the highest energy level an elements electrons exist in • All elements in a period are in order by atomic number, increasing from left to right

  4. Groups • The vertical columns of the periodic table (1-18) • All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons • All the elements in a group have very similar chemical and physical properties

  5. Metals • Generally good conductors of heat and electric current • High luster (shiny) • Malleable and ductile • Most elements are metals – 80%

  6. Non-metals • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Vary in properties, most are gases, some are liquids and solids • Solid forms are dull and brittle

  7. metalloids • Share properties of both metals and nonmetals • Ex: May be a good conductor but brittle

  8. Representative Elements • Found in groups 1 - 2 and groups 13 – 18 • Wide variety of properties that represent the table as a whole • Represent each category of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids • Represent each state of matter solids, liquids and gasses • 1A • 2 • 2A 1314 15 16 17 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

  9. Transition metals • Groups 3 - 12 (middle of the periodic table) • These metals are solid at room temperature (except for Mercury)

  10. Inner transition metals • Found underneath the periodic table • Lanthanide series - period 6 • Actinide series - period 7 • These metals are solid at room temperature Inner Transition Metals

  11. Alkali Metals • Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr • Group 1 (1A) – excluding Hydrogen • 1valence electron • Very unstable and highly reactive • Extremely soft metals • All have low densities, melting and boiling points.

  12. Alkaline Earth Metals • Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra • Group 2 (2A) • 2 valence electrons • Very reactive • Bond and lose 2 electrons

  13. Halogens • F, Cl, Br, I, At • Group 17 (7A) • 7 valence electrons • Bond and gain 1 more electron to make their outer energy level full. • A halogens bond with alkali metals to form a salt

  14. Noble Gasses • He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • Group 18 (8A) • 8 valence electrons • Most stable of the elements (non-reactive) • Outermost energy level or shell is full, so they do not naturally bond with other elements • Share properties like high densities, high melting points, colorless, odorless, and tasteless

  15. Lanthanide Series • “Rare-Earth elements” • Found on the top row of the inner transition metals • Named from element Lanthanum (La) atomic number 57 - common properties

  16. Actinide Series • Radioactive metals • Found on the bottom row of the inner transition metals • Named after the element Actinium (Ac) atomic number 89 - common properties

  17. Semester Exam • If you have a year to date grade average at or above 85% you may choose to exempt out of the semester exam and have your Semester Exam Study Guide count as your test score

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