Unit Objectives • To recognize and apply the rules of capitalization for common and proper nouns • To demonstrate control over the spelling of singular and plural nouns  • To use verbs that agree in number with singular and plural collective nouns  • To punctuate and spell correctly various possessive nouns Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Unit Overview 1

Objectives • To identify common and proper nouns  • To demonstrate control over the rules of capitalization for proper nouns Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 1-1

Common and Proper Nouns • A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 1-2

Common and Proper Nouns (cont.) • There are two basic kinds of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns.  • A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea.  • A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 1-3

Common and Proper Nouns (cont.) • A proper noun may consist of one or more words.  • You should always begin a proper noun with a capital letter.  • For proper nouns of more than one word, capitalize the first word and all other important words.  • Some examples of proper nouns are listed on the following slide. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 1-4

Common and Proper Nouns (cont.) Lesson 1-5

Exercise 1 Identifying Nouns Underline every noun that each sentence contains. 1. Historians trace the origin of the game of tennis to France. 2. The modern outdoor game of tennis probably evolved from an indoor game. 3. In the past, people hit the ball with their hands instead of rackets. 4. Walter Wingfield improved the game. 5. Mr. Wingfield patented his form of tennis more than a century ago. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 1-6

Exercise 2 Identifying Common and Proper Nouns Underline each common noun and circle each proper noun in the following sentences. 1. Both youngsters and older people play in tournaments. 2. The United States Tennis Association sponsors contests for amateurs. 3. Matches for players also take place in Great Britain, France, and Australia. 4. The games at Wimbledon in England are very popular. 5. International teams compete for a special trophy, the Davis Cup. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 1-7

Exercise 3 Using Proper Nouns Write the proper nouns in each sentence. Use capital letters. 1. Many thousands of people attend the u.s. open tournament in flushing meadows, new york, each year. 2. The U.s. open is one of four tournaments that are called the grand slam. 3. Players from all over the world also compete in the french open, the british open, and the australian open. U.S. Open; Flushing Meadows, New York U.S. Open; Grand Slam French Open; British Open; Australian Open Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 1-8

Exercise 3 Using Proper Nouns (cont.) Write the proper nouns in each sentence. Use capital letters. 4. Martina navratilova was a top player for twenty years. 5. Before martina retired in 1994, she won many tournaments, in singles and doubles, but winning at wimbledon was the most special. Navratilova Martina; Wimbledon Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 1-9

Click the mouse button to return to the Contents slide. End of Lesson 1

Objectives • To recognize and spell correctly various singular and plural nouns  • To identify collective nouns as singular or plural Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 2-1

Singular and Plural Nouns • A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea.  • A plural noun names more than one.  • To form the plural of most nouns, you simply add s.  • Other plural nouns are formed in different ways. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 2-2

Singular and Plural Nouns (cont.) Lesson 2-3

Singular and Plural Nouns (cont.) • Words such as family and team are called collective nouns.  • A collective noun names a group of people or things.  • A collective noun can take either a singular or a plural verb, depending on how it is used.  • The noun is singular when all the members of the group act as a single unit.  • It is plural when each member of the group acts separately. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 2-4

Singular and Plural Nouns (cont.) • The team shares the field with its opponent. [singular]  • The team share their jokes with one another. [plural] Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 2-5

Exercise 4 Identifying Plural Noun Forms Underline the correct form of the noun in parentheses. 1. My father loves to tell funny baseball (stories, storys). 2. He said that at one game the first four (benchs, benches) in the stadium collapsed. 3. The (spectatores, spectators) crashed to the ground and were covered with mud, but no one was hurt! 4. The umpires were the (heros, heroes) at that game. 5. They interrupted the game so that the fans could clean (themselves, themselfs) off. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 2-6

Exercise 5 Forming Plural Nouns Write the plural form of each singular noun. 1. radish 2. box 3. cherry 4. watch 5. country radishes boxes cherries watches countries Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 2-7

Exercise 6 Identifying Collective Nouns Underline each singular collective noun. Circle each plural collective noun. Pay close attention to the verb. 1. The volleyball club meets after school. 2. Each volleyball team has six players. 3. The group take their individual positions. 4. The committee discuss their reactions. 5. Our class watches the volleyball match. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 2-8

Objectives • To identify possessive nouns  • To punctuate and correctly spell possessive nouns Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 3-1

Possessive Nouns • A noun that shows ownership or possession is called a possessive noun. • Possessive nouns, like all nouns, can be singular or plural.  • A possessive noun names who or what has something. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 3-2

Possessive Nouns (cont.) • Notice the possessive nouns in the following sentences.  • The World Cup is the amateur skiers’ competition.  • A prize is awarded for the outstanding man’s achievement.  • The women’s division also awards a prize.  • The chart on the following slide shows how to form possessives from singular and plural nouns. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 3-3

Possessive Nouns (cont.) Lesson 3-4

Possessive Nouns (cont.) • When you are writing, remember that possessive nouns always contain apostrophes.  • Plural nouns that are not possessive do not.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Lesson 3-5

Exercise 7 Identifying Possessive Nouns Underline each singular possessive noun. Circle each plural possessive noun. 1. The Fédération Internationale du Ski is an amateurs’ organization. 2. The World Ski Championships are a skier’s goal. 3. A committee reviews all entrants’ applications. 4. It considers skiers’ qualifications for the races. 5. The committee’s guidelines for amateur status are very strict. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 3-6

Exercise 8 Using Singular and Plural Possessives Write the possessive form of the noun in parentheses. 1. The (sport) history began thousands of years ago. 2. Each (person) skis were made of animal bone. 3. Leather straps held the (skier) boots to the skis. 4. Many (skiers) toe straps came loose. 5. One (historian) discoveries include skis from Sweden. sport’s person’s skier’s skiers’ historian’s Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 3-7

Exercise 9 Forming Possessive Nouns Complete the chart, adding the possessive forms. SINGULAR SINGULAR PLURAL PLURALNOUN POSSESSIVE NOUN POSSESSIVE 1. woman women 2. Ms. Smith the Smiths 3. child children 4. senior seniors 5. family families women’s woman’s the Smiths’ Ms. Smith’s children’s child’s senior’s seniors’ family’s families’ Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Lesson 3-8

Nouns • Black Star, Bright Dawn by Scott O’Dell is about a young Inuit woman named Bright Dawn who enters the Iditarod, a sled dog race.  • The race covers more than a thousand snow-covered miles between Anchorage and Nome, Alaska.  • The passage on page 325 of your textbook shows some of the kinds of nouns covered in this unit. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Grammar Review 1

Review: Exercise 1 Using Common Nouns Rewrite each sentence, correcting the capitalization of common and proper nouns. 1. The team raced from anchorage on the gulf of alaska to nome on the bering sea. 2. The temperature rose as the inuit woman mushed across alaska’s lonely, open Wilderness. The team raced from Anchorage on the Gulf of Alaska to Nome on the Bering Sea. The temperature rose as the Inuit woman mushed across Alaska’s lonely, open wilderness. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 2

Review: Exercise 1 Using Common Nouns (cont.) Rewrite each sentence, correcting the capitalization of common and proper nouns. 3. As bright dawn raced over the moonlit Landscape, she became sleepy. 4. Bright Dawn dreamed of golden Salmon leaping from a broad River. As Bright Dawn raced over the moonlit landscape, she became sleepy. Bright Dawn dreamed of golden salmon leaping from a broad river. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 3

Review: Exercise 1 Using Common Nouns (cont.) Rewrite each sentence, correcting the capitalization of common and proper nouns. 5. A Racer named oteg, who had befriended the young woman, woke her. A racer named Oteg, who had befriended the young woman, woke her. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Grammar Review 4

Review: Exercise 2 Using Proper Nouns Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the underlined words with proper nouns. Use the information and the literature model on page 325 of your textbook to help you. 1. The state is cold for much of the year. 2. The race was between Anchorage and another city. 3. The race is one of the most dangerous races in the world. Alaska is cold for much of the year. The race was between Anchorage and Nome. The Iditarod is one of the most dangerous races in the world. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 5

Review: Exercise 2 Using Proper Nouns (cont.) Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the underlined words with proper nouns. Use the information and the literature model on page 325 of your textbook to help you. 4. The girl was in danger of freezing to death. 5. Her dog led the team. Bright Dawn was in danger of freezing to death. Black Star led the team. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 6

Review: Exercise 3 Forming Plural Nouns Write the plural form of the noun in parentheses. 1. (Husky) are the dogs most often used to pull sleds. 2. The (life) of these animals are devoted to the sport. 3. Their (reflex) are quick, and their strength is amazing. 4. They usually race over flat ground rather than hills or (valley). 5. During the Iditarod, newspapers run many (photo) of these dogs and the sleds they pull. Huskies lives reflexes valleys photos Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 7

Review: Exercise 4 Using Collective Nouns Underline the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1. Her family (perform, performs) their daily activities. 2. At school Bright Dawn’s class (studies, study) its English lesson. 3. A team of dogs (helps, help) its owner, Bright Dawn’s father, hunt for food. 4. The team (scatters, scatter) in different directions when he drifts toward the sea on an ice floe. 5. A group of men (does, do) its best to save him. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 8

Review: Exercise 5 Forming Possessive Nouns Write each possessive noun correctly. 1. The mens faces looked doubtful when the young woman announced she would compete. 2. Bright Dawn depended on her lead dogs guidance. 3. Otegs advice also helped her during the race. men’s dog’s Oteg’s Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 9

Review: Exercise 5 Forming Possessive Nouns (cont.) Write each possessive noun correctly. 4. The young womans lead was erased when she stopped to help other mushers. 5. Her parents eyes teared when Bright Dawn won. woman’s parents’ Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 10

Review: Exercise 6 Using Singular and Plural Possessive Nouns Write a sentence using each of the following nouns in the possessive form shown in parentheses. 1. dog (singular possessive) 2. woman (plural possessive) 3. class (singular possessive) 4. group (plural possessive) 5. man (singular possessive) Grammar Review 11

Review: Exercise 7 Proofreading The following passage is about artist Rockwell Kent, whose work appears on page 329 of your textbook. Rewrite the passage, correcting the errors in spelling, capitalization, grammar, and usage. Add any missing punctuation marks. There are ten errors. 1Rockwell Kent (1882–1971) was an important american book illustrator and landscape painter. 2Many of his paintings depicts the open sea rugged mountains, and coastlines’. 3Kent used these scenes to convey peoples lonelyness. 4The artist visited alaska in 1918 and was inspired by the vast spaces near the Arctic Circle. 5Kents’ experiences resulted in The Expedition. 6The painting, which depicts figures guiding their dogs’ and sleds, could be an illustration for Black Star, Bright Dawn. 7It’s easy to imagine the lifes of these people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 12

Review: Exercise 7 Proofreading (cont.) The following passage is about artist Rockwell Kent, whose work appears on page 329 of your textbook. Rewrite the passage, correcting the errors in spelling, capitalization, grammar, and usage. Add any missing punctuation marks. There are ten errors. 1Rockwell Kent (1882–1971) was an important American book illustrator and landscape painter. 2Many of his paintings depict the open sea, rugged mountains, and coastlines.3Kent used these scenes to convey people’sloneliness. 4The artist visited Alaska in 1918 and was inspired by the vast spaces near the Arctic Circle. 5Kent’s experiences resulted in The Expedition. 6The painting, which depicts figures guiding their dogs and sleds, could be an illustration for Black Star, Bright Dawn. 7It’s easy to imagine the lives of these people. Grammar Review 13

Review: Exercise 8 Mixed Review Label each underlined noun as common or proper, singular or plural, and possessive if it shows ownership. 1. People hike on paths and trails across America. 2. The Appalachian Trail goes through fourteen states. 3. The campers’ gear must be light enough to be carried on their backs. 4. Storms are the camper’s worst fear. 5. My family hikes in the Berkshire Mountains in Massachusetts. common, plural proper, singular common, plural, possessive common, singular, possessive proper, plural Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Grammar Review 14

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