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Sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases. Normal flora. Urethra; Diptheroids, Acinetobacter species and enterobacteria. Cervix; usually sterile. Vagian; From puberty to menopause (acid pH in vagina); lactobacilli , anaerobic or microaerophilic streptococci, Bacteroides

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Sexually transmitted diseases

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  1. Sexually transmitted diseases

  2. Normal flora • Urethra; Diptheroids, Acinetobacter species and enterobacteria. • Cervix; usually sterile. • Vagian; • From puberty to menopause (acid pH in vagina); lactobacilli, anaerobic or microaerophilic streptococci, Bacteroides • Vagina after menopause (alkaline pH); Diphtheroids, micrococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis, candida albicans. • Vagina before puberty (alkaline pH); Staphylococcus aureus, and diptheroids.

  3. Main causative agent • Syphilis • Chlamydia • Neisseria gonorrhoeae • H. ducreyi • Ureaplasma

  4. Terms • Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Urethritis caused by an organism other than N. gonorrhoeae (e.g., C. trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum). • Sexually transmitted disease (STD). • Venereal disease (VD).

  5. Urethritis • Inflammation of urethra may occur in men and women. • N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are common causes. • Ureaplasma urealyticum may cause urethritis in men.

  6. Cervicitis • Inflammation of the uterine cervix • Most common caused by N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis.

  7. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Inflammation of the pelvic cavity that may include salpingitis (i.e., inflamed fallopin tube), endometritis (i.e., inflamed endometrium), tubo-ovarian abscesses (i.e., infected fallopian tubes and ovaries), and peritonitis (i.e., infected peritoneal cavity). • PID may be caused by a variety of organisms including N. gonorrheae, C. trachomatis, and endogenous flora (e.g., Bacteroides, Actinomyces, and enterobacteriacae).

  8. Genital Ulcers • Treponema pallidum; ulcer is painless and the associated adenopathy is bilateral. • Haemophillus duccreyi; is the cause of chancroid. Clinically the patients present with a painful genital ulcer. Unilateral painful swollen inguinal lymph nodes rapidly develop in half of infected persons. • Chlamydia infection; by C. trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 causes lymphogranuloma venereum. Characterized by swollen inguinal lymph nodes, and painless papule on external genitalia which then ulcerate.

  9. Prostatitis • Inflamed prostate. • Caused mainly by member of enterobacteriaceae, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachmatis and S. aureus.

  10. Postpartum endometritis • These infections occur after chidlbirth and may be caused by a variety of organisms, including Beta-hemolytic streptococci, Gardenerella vaginalis, enterococci, mycoplasma hominis, and anerobic bacteria.

  11. Group B streptococci • Many women carry group B strepotocci vaginally.

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