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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Projectile and Satellite Motion. 8.1 Projectile Motion. Projectile- object that continues in motion Examples Free fall Speed does not change Distance increases. Why? Throw off cliff without gravity Throw off cliff with gravity, get parabola shape

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Projectile and Satellite Motion

  2. 8.1 Projectile Motion • Projectile- object that continues in motion • Examples • Free fall • Speed does not change • Distance increases. Why? • Throw off cliff without gravity • Throw off cliff with gravity, get parabola shape • Have to worry about startup angle (see drawings) • Can break into horizontal and vertical components • Example problems

  3. 8.2 Projectile Altitude and Range • Altitude- height above ground • Range – horizontal distance • Angles add to 90 degrees (60 has same speed as 30) • Low air drag means projectile will reach maximum height in same time it takes to fall from that height to ground • You can be projectile- hang time, which increases if you bounce off floor

  4. 8.3 Effect of Air drag • Without air drag, always home run • Neglect air drag for back-and-forth • Air drag on high speed objects • Want to play on moon- get 6x range • Earth’s curvature affects path (falls short) • If projected fast enough, orbits all around Earth- satellite

  5. 8.4 Satellites • Cannonball, if fast enough, follows curved path and orbits Earth (see sample paths on board) • Need large falling distance • Eventually fall into Earth

  6. 8.5 Earth Satellites • Earth’s surface drops vertically 5 meters every 8000 meters tangent to surface (5 m downgrade for each 8000 m, or only see 5 m tall thing 8000 m away) • Satellite = 8000 m/s or 18,000 mph • Friction makes object burn (falling stars) • Must be gravity to make it orbit • Moon must be fast enough to orbit indefinitely • Planets are falling towards sun, but tangential velocity keeps us from crashing • Examples of satellites (orbiting things) • Satellites we know (Sirius radio) are put in space by rockets • 90 min/orbit if close to Earth (inside track)

  7. 8.6 Elliptical Orbits • If more than 8 km/s, elliptical path • Ellipse- oval around to foci (see drawing on board) • Earth’s center and inside/outside Earth = foci • Speed varies (see board drawing), unlike circular path • ½ time close to Earth, ½ far (gain and loss in speed) • Examples

  8. 8.7 Escape Speed • 8 km/s horizontal = orbit • 8 km/s vertical = max height, then fall to Earth • What goes up MAY come down (may outrun g)- escape speed/velocity (11.2 km/s) because gravity becomes weaker with inc. distance • P. 128 escape speeds • AKA maximum falling speeds- time it takes to get back • Need to sustain speed- thrusters to put on new path (like life on wrong track)

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