The Social , Ethical , and Legal Issues Involved with Technology in Education

1. The Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues Involved with Technology in Education Rachel Broughton Kyle Fletcher Joseph Perry

2. Social Issues with Technology in an Educational Setting • The Digital Divide • Cyber Bullying • Online Social Interactions

3. The Digital Divide

4. The Evolution of Bullying Bringing home more than homework More than just physical pain

5. Information Maintained by the Office of Code Revision Indiana Legislative Services Agency IC 20-33-8-0.2"Bullying"Sec. 0.2. As used in this chapter, "bullying" means overt, repeated acts or gestures, including:(1) verbal or written communications transmitted;(2) physical acts committed; or(3) any other behaviors committed;by a student or group of students against another student with the intent to harass, ridicule, humiliate, intimidate, or harm the other student.As added by P.L.106-2005, SEC.6. http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title20/ar33/ch8.html

6. PRELIMINARY DRAFT • No. 3461 • PREPARED BY • LEGISLATIVE SERVICES AGENCY • 2011 GENERAL ASSEMBLY • DIGEST • Citations Affected: IC 20-26-5-33; IC 20-33-8-13.5; IC 35-42-4-4; • IC 35-49-3-4. • Synopsis: Dissemination of sexual material. Provides defenses to the • crimes of disseminating matter that is harmful to minors, child • exploitation, and possession of child pornography if a cellular • telephone was used and the defendant and recipient of the matter are • certain ages and meet other requirements. Provides that a school • corporation may offer classes, instruction, or programs regarding the • risks and consequences of creating and sharing sexually suggestive or • explicit materials. Provides that discipline rules adopted by a school • corporation must prohibit bullying through the use of computers, • computer systems, or computer networks of a school corporation. • Effective: July 1, 2011. • http://www.in.gov/legislative/interim/committee/2010/committee/prelim/CLSP04.pdf

7. In many states, Indiana included, schools are required to address cyberbullying in their anti-bullying policy. Stallcup,D. State Police Department (2012,November). Personal Interview

8. Some state laws, Indiana included, cover off-school grounds behavior that creates a hostile school environment. Stallcup,D. State Police Department (2012,November). Personal Interview

9. Distractions within the Classroom • Cell Phones • In-Class Computers • Tablets

10. Freedom of Speech If a law gives no clear notice of the kind of speech it prohibits, "void for vagueness." If a law burdens substantially more speech than is necessary to advance a compelling government interest, it’s unconstitutionally "overbroad." A government may not force a person to endorse any symbol, slogan, or pledge. Governmental restrictions on the "time, place, and manner" in which speech is permitted are constitutional if and only if: they are "content neutral," both on their face and as applied; they leave substantial other opportunities for speech to take place; and they "narrowly serve a significant state interest." On state-owned property that does not constitute a "public forum," government may restrict speech in any way that is reasonable in light of the nature and purpose of the property in question.

11. Content-based governmental restrictions on speech are unconstitutional unless they advance a "compelling state interest." To this principle, there are six exceptions: • 1. Speech that is likely to lead to imminent lawless action may be prohibited. • 2. "Fighting words" -- i.e., words so insulting that people are likely to fight back -- may be prohibited. • 3. Obscenity -- i.e., erotic expression, grossly or patently offensive to an average person, that lacks serious artistic or social value -- may be prohibited. • 4. Child pornography may be banned whether or not it is legally obscene and whether or not it has serious artistic or social value, because it induces people to engage in lewd displays, and the creation of it threatens the welfare of children. • 5. Defamatory statements may be prohibited. (In other words, the making of such statements may constitutionally give rise to civil liability.) However, if the target of the defamation is a "public figure," she must prove that the defendant acted with "malice." If the target is not a "public figure" but the statement involved a matter of "public concern," the plaintiff must prove that the defendant acted with negligence concerning its falsity. • 6. Commercial Speech may be banned only if it is misleading, pertains to illegal products, or directly advances a substantial state interest with a degree of suppression no greater than is reasonably necessary. • http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/ilaw/Speech/

12. Internet Censorship The ACLU's vision of an uncensored Internet was clearly shared by the U.S. Supreme Court when it declared, in Reno v. ACLU, the Internet to be a free speech zone, deserving at least as much First Amendment protection as that afforded to books, newspapers and magazines. The government, the court said, can no more restrict a person's access to words or images on the Internet than it could be allowed to snatch a book out of a reader's hands in the library, or cover over a statue of a nude in a museum. http://www.aclu.org/free-speech/internet-censorship

13. How social communities are changing online interactions • There’s a social community for virtually every interest out there. Here are a few examples: • Med Help, the world’s largest health community with over 12 million visitors monthly • Model Mayhem, a pioneer in the social community space for models, photographers, makeup artists, and hair stylists • Playbook Community (my company), the world’s first mobile sports community for recreational athletes and sports organizers.

14. What makes social communities like these different from the standard social networking sites that we know and love? Profiles aren’t “personal.” Social communities don’t need to know your personal contact information, your dating history, or where you work or went to school…unless of course the community is for colleagues or classmates to connect. This stripped-down version of your social identity enables perfect strangers to engage without risk or fear of being abused, stalked or bullied. It also removes any inhibitions to ask personal or sensitive questions, since communications are not published on a “wall” for the entire world to see. So for those of us seeking a connection without the prerequisite friend request, social communities are a great alternative to social networking sites, especially for those looking to learn, help and/or support like-minded individuals with common interests. Unlimited features. Believe it or not, Facebook Groups and Google+ Circles are not the definitive online social interactions. For example, Med Help members can find experts, download health tracking tools, learn about prescription drugs, or chat with others who have gone through exactly what they are about to experience. Model Mayhem is famous for facilitating a connection between photographers and models who are looking to add the same look or pose to their portfolio, and can even invite a local makeup artists or hairstylist to the shoot for a great collaboration. Similarly, Playbook Community enables athletes to join their real-life sports leagues and events from their mobile phones, giving them access to all other players and league information while enabling league or event organizers to send instant mobile messages (push notifications) to their players. These types of features are nonexistent in the social networking space. Professional benefits. Participation in social communities may help you professionally, more than in social networks. Whether you own your own business or work for a large company, focused content specific to your career or industry is much easier to find in social communities. Interacting with industry peers, discovering what your customers need, and positioning yourself as a subject matter expert in your field will take you much further professionally than acquiring “fans” or posting status updates about your business will.

15. References Information Maintained by the Office of Code Revision Indiana Legislative Services Agency.(2012,November) Retrieved from http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title20/ar33/ch8.html PRELIMINARY DRAFT No. 3461 PREPARED BY LEGISLATIVE SERVICES AGENCY 2011 GENERAL ASSEMBLY Retrieved from http://www.in.gov/legislative/interim/committee/2010/committee/ prelim/CLSP04.pdf Stallcup,D. State Police Department (2012,November). Personal Interview