Interpreting Women's Advances During WWI: Changing Lives or Limited Impact?

1. What’s being said? What’s being thought?

2. How have the advances for women during the First World War been interpreted? What different interpretations exist on the advances of women during the First World War? Did the war change women’s lives for the good or did it do little for women? These are questions that you will be able to answer after the completion of this task. Click icons to: End PPT Advance to next slide Advance to source material Click for help Source A

3. How have the advances for women during the First World War been interpreted? So what are you expected to do? Write descriptions of differing interpretations of the advances of women during the First World War. What I’m Looking For Give an explanation of why different historical interpretations might be produced. Use appropriate dates and historical terms. Click to reveal Suitably structure your work.

4. How have the advances for women during the First World War been interpreted? What is the task? Study sources A and B: how and why do they give contrasting opinions of the improvements in women’s life during the First World War? Describe how the interpretations differ and give reasons to explain why they might is. Click to reveal Click to reveal Source A Source B

5. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during WW1? During the First World War women's work and status began to change. Women were actively recruited to do war work and many others volunteered … At the end of the war it was clear that women and their work had been vital to the war effort. When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? Who is the author? What do they do? [From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, www.iwm.org.uk looking at women’s lives in the 20th and 21st centuries (2008)] Source A Source B What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced?

6. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during WW1? Throughout the war … most male-dominated professions remained closed to women. Even in areas where they were employed in large numbers, such as munitions and transport, they were often treated as inferior, stop-gap replacements for enlisted men. Moreover, women's wages, routinely portrayed as 'high' in the wartime press, remained significantly lower than those of their male counterparts. When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? Who is the author? What do they do? [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] Source A Source B What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced?

7. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during the war? During the First World War women's work and status began to change. Women were actively recruited to do war work and many others volunteered … At the end of the war it was clear that women and their work had been vital to the war effort. Help! Women and work How did the war change things for women? What evidence do you have to support what you say? Change Evidence Record your ideas Source A

8. What changed for women during the war? Before, during and after During the war Before 1914 Click to check answers Most women in domestic service Most women in domestic service Most women in domestic service Work in munitions factories Work in munitions factories Work in munitions factories Married women not expected to work Married women not expected to work Married women not expected to work Women campaigned for the vote Women campaigned for the vote Women campaigned for the vote Women were paid less than men Women were paid less than men Women were paid less than men Women took on ‘male only ’ jobs Women took on ‘male only ’ jobs Women took on ‘male only ’ jobs Women joined the Land Army Women joined the Land Army Women joined the Land Army Many men saw women as inferior Many men saw women as inferior Many men saw women as inferior Women joined the armed forces Women joined the armed forces Women joined the armed forces Women were nurses Women were nurses Women were nurses Click the arrows to move the statements under the correct heading

9. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during the war? Read the information below to try and help you understand a little more about the work of women during the First World War. Women during the war As men left their jobs to volunteer to fight for King and country, they were replaced by women. As a result the number of women employed increased from 3,224,600 in July, 1914 to 4,814,600 in January 1918. Women took up roles in government departments, became clerical workers, worked as conductors on trams and buses, worked on the land, in the munitions industry, did heavy work such as unloading coal, stoking furnaces and building ships. Women also served as non-combatants in the Women's Royal Navy Service (WRNS), Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF). Others became nurses or joined the Voluntary Aid Detachments (V.A.D.). Female bus conductors on a tramcar in CardiffSource: Cardiff Central Library

10. Who is the author? What do they do? [From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, www.iwm.org.uk looking at women’s lives in the 20th and 21st centuries (2008)] Help! What can you learn about the author? Might be untrustworthy as anyone can produce a website, but in this case it is produced by a knowledgeable author. Education Section Designed to provide materials for school Children and therefore might lead to resources being more generalised and less specific. Imperial War Museum A museum devoted to Britain’s involvement in armed conflicts. Designed to provide materials for school children and therefore might lead to resources being more generalised and less specific. A museum devoted to Britain’s involvement in armed conflicts. Website Might be untrustworthy as anyone can produce a website, but in this case it is produced by a knowledgeable author. Click the tabs to match the terms on the left with an explanation on the right. Answers Source A

11. When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? [From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, www.iwm.org.uk looking at women’s lives in the 20th and 21st centuries (2008)] Help! Why might the date be important? Views given would be based on the most up-to-date evidence. Facts would be distorted to just show one-side of the argument. Would make it primary source and reflect one person’s opinion. The museum was looking to make children more aware of the role of women during the two World Wars. The Imperial War Museum was recognised for its accuracy and had a good reputation. More objective accounts are produced as this is long after the events. True False Answers Source A Click on the tabs to change to the correct colour.

12. What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced? [From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, www.iwm.org.uk looking at women’s lives in the 20th and 21st centuries (2008)] What types of evidence might have been looked at? Those in charge of the various collections are archivists and historians who read widely. The views of many historians. The Government has a 30 year rule on evidence but does not need to release everything. Official records that were available. The museum has many records from diaries to interviews. Accounts given by women who worked during the war. The museum has many records from diaries to interviews. Account of men who served with women during the war. Click on the statements that you believe to be true. Source A

13. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during the war? Throughout the war … most male-dominated professions remained closed to women. Even in areas where they were employed in large numbers, such as munitions and transport, they were often treated as inferior, stop-gap replacements for enlisted men. Moreover, women's wages, routinely portrayed as 'high' in the wartime press, remained significantly lower than those of their male counterparts. Help! Women In work What does the writer believe about advances for women? What evidence is used by the writer to support their view? Source B

14. How much did things change for women? Shows lots of change Shows some change Shows no change Number of women in work increased by 1.6 m Number of women in work increased by 1.6 m Number of women in work increased by 1.6 m 700,000 worked in munitions factories 700,000 worked in munitions factories 700,000 worked in munitions factories Women became bus and tram conductors Women became bus and tram conductors Women became bus and tram conductors Employers ensured women were paid less than men Employers ensured women were paid less than men Employers ensured women were paid less than men More women joined trade unions More women joined trade unions More women joined trade unions The government had to persuade the Unions to allow women in to the factories The government had to persuade the Unions to allow women in to the factories The government had to persuade the Unions to allow women in to the factories 23,000 women joined the Land Army 23,000 women joined the Land Army 23,000 women joined the Land Army Women joined the armed forces in non-combat roles Women joined the armed forces in non-combat roles Women joined the armed forces in non-combat roles Women over 30 got the vote in 1918 Women over 30 got the vote in 1918 Women over 30 got the vote in 1918 At the end of the war women were forced out of jobs At the end of the war women were forced out of jobs At the end of the war women were forced out of jobs Read the statements and decide how much actually changed for women

15. Who is the author? What do they do? [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] Help! What can you learn about the author? A TV programme intended to present opinions on past or present events by interviewing people. BBC TV A well respected organisation that is known for Producing well-researched programmes. Documentary A TV programme intended to present opinions on past or present events by interviewing people. A TV programme that concentrated on the lives of women during the 20th century. A well respected organisation that is known for Producing well-researched programmes. Out of the Doll’s House A TV programme that concentrated on the lives of women during the 20th century. Click the tabs to match the terms on the left with an explanation on the right. Answers Source B

16. When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] Help! Why might the date be important? Produced as women were still treated poorly in Britain. Written a long time after the events so was less emotive. Written over eighty years after the events so is less reliable. Produced at a time when people were aware of the long-term impact of the war. Produced when many female historians wanted to show the War affected more than the soldiers. The producers were still able to talk to some women who had worked during the war. True False Answers Source B Click on the tabs to change to the correct colour.

17. What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced? [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] What types of evidence might have been looked at? Those in charge of the various collections are archivists and historians who read widely. The views of many historians. The Government has a 30 year rule on evidence but does not need to release everything. Official records that were available. The museum has many records from diaries to interviews. Accounts given by women who worked during the war. The museum has many records from diaries to interviews. Account of men who served with women during the war. Click on the statements that you believe to be true. Source B