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General Humanitarian Knowledge

General Humanitarian Knowledge. General Humanitarian Knowledge Introduction. Learning objectives Humanitarian Reform Cluster Approach Humanitarian Response and Coordination Structure Exercise. General Humanitarian Knowledge Learning Objectives.

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General Humanitarian Knowledge

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  1. General Humanitarian Knowledge

  2. General Humanitarian Knowledge Introduction • Learning objectives • Humanitarian Reform • Cluster Approach • Humanitarian Response and Coordination Structure • Exercise General Humanitarian Knowledge

  3. General Humanitarian Knowledge Learning Objectives • Understand the principles of the Humanitarian Reform • Understand the principles of the Cluster Approach • Understand the Humanitarian Response and Coordination structure General Humanitarian Knowledge

  4. General Humanitarian Knowledge Relevance Why is this subject covered? Cluster staff need to understand the background behind humanitarian reform and the cluster system of which they will be a part. How does this relate to my day to day tasks? Knowing the underpinnings of the cluster system, the guiding principles, and the generic TORs will help you strengthen cluster legitimacy, bring sceptics on board, and understand what tasks are required. General Humanitarian Knowledge

  5. General Humanitarian KnowledgeHumanitarian Reform - History Review Findings • Gaps • Limited linkages • Erratic coordination • Insufficient accountability • Inconsistent donor policies Independent Humanitarian Response Review (August 2005) Changing Environment • Proliferation of actors • Changing role of UN • Competitive funding • Increased public scrutiny • New humanitarian actors Humanitarian Reform Process (September 2005) General Humanitarian Knowledge

  6. General Humanitarian KnowledgeHumanitarian Reform Aim - ‘Build a stronger, more predictable humanitarian response system’ Three pillars of reform and the foundation: 3 1 2 CLUSTER APPROACH Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all sectors HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS (HCs) Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian emergencies HUMANITARIAN FINANCING Adequate, timely and flexible financing PARTNERSHIP Strong partnerships between all parties General Humanitarian Knowledge

  7. General Humanitarian KnowledgeThe Cluster Approach General Humanitarian KnowledgeThe Cluster Approach High standards of predictability, accountability and partnership in all sectors More strategic responses Better prioritization of available resources Sectoral groupings of international and national agencies/NGOs at global and country levels Coordinated by designated Cluster Lead Agencies (CLAs) What are clusters? Why clusters? General Humanitarian Knowledge

  8. But you know all this already, right?So…

  9. It’s time to play… The “Good thing I did the pre-reading” Game!

  10. Are you ready teams? Say yes. Good.

  11. Question # 1 ____________ means that humanitarian action must be carried out on the basis of humanitarian need alone. • The “humanitarian imperative” • Impartiality • Neutrality • Independence

  12. Question # 2 Acc. to the Handbook for RCs and HCs, “At country-level…the primary responsibility for coordinating humanitarian assistance rests with __________________: • the RC • the HC • OCHA • None of the above

  13. Question # 3 Which of the following is not a primary task of the ERC? • Humanitarian policy development and coordination • Advocacy of humanitarian issues and provision of guidance and direction to RCs • Setting up zonal clusters as needed • Coordination of international humanitarian response.

  14. Question # 4 According to the Principles of Partnership, “complementarity” calls for my agency to: • make use of my partner’s funding • make use of comparative advantage • pay compliments to our partners’ for their good actions • All of the above

  15. Question # 5 The objectives of the cluster approach include which of the following: • to ensure effective coordination of early recovery assistance • to enhance response predictability • to enhance response partnerships • All of the above

  16. Question # 6 Acc. to FAO Cluster Coordination Guidance, one of the reasons clusters are important for FAO is because they enable FAO to: • promote recovery in all sectors • mobilise resources for FAO’s own interventions • avoid having to mobilise resources in a dire emergency • none of the above

  17. Question # 7 The earthquake has displaced more than 100,000 IDPs. The cluster lead for shelter is likely to be: • UNICEF • UNHCR • IFRC • IOM

  18. Question # 8 The earthquake has displaced more than 100,000 IDPs. The cluster lead for camp management is likely to be: • UNICEF • UNHCR • IFRC • IOM

  19. Question # 8 The earthquake has displaced more than 100,000 IDPs. The cluster lead for camp management is likely to be: • UNICEF • UNHCR • IFRC • IOM

  20. Question # 9 Standard operating procedures for clusters in a complex emergency calls for the immediate establishment of • Standing working groups • Temporary working groups • Steering groups • None of the above

  21. Question # 10 Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a CLA? • Replacing weak national coordination structures wherever possible • Representing interests of the sectoral group in discussions with the HC • Assuring the satisfactory performance of the cluster at zonal level where appropriate • Being ready to ensure provision of services required to fill critical gaps

  22. Question # 11 The “Provision of Last Resort” (POLR) function should be activated when which of the following conditions is met: • The Cluster agrees that there is an important life-threatening gap in the sector response • One or more of the agreed benchmarks for the sector response as a whole is not being met • Evidence suggests that a significant proportion of the target population is at risk of dying • All of the above

  23. Question # 12 Acc. to the Guidance Note, which of the following in NOT one of the Global Cluster Leads’ primary responsibilities? • Ensuring system-wide preparedness • Ensuring coordination with state institutions and local civil society • Ensuring technical capacity to respond to humanitarian emergencies • Ensuring greater predictability and more effective inter-agency

  24. Question # 13 The country cluster coordinator is directly accountable to: • The RC • The HC • The ERC • the Cluster Lead Agency’s CR

  25. Question # 14 The HC is directly accountable to: • The ERC • The in-country OCHA Support Office • The Cluster Lead Agency’s CR • The HCT

  26. Question # 15 Acc. to the FAO Cluster Coordination Guidance, country-level cluster arrangements are approved by: • The ERC • The HC/RC • the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator and the IASC principals • The host government

  27. Question # 16 Acc. to the IASC’s 2006 Guidance Note On Using The Cluster Approach To Strengthen Humanitarian Response: At country-level, the _____________ is responsible for adapting coordination structures over time to reflect the capacities of government structures and the engagement of development partners. • global cluster lead • HC • HCT • HCT, in consultation with the HCT

  28. Question # 17 The ____________ is expected to advocate and mobilise for resources for the cluster as a whole. • host government counterpart • humanitarian country team • UN country team • cluster coordinator

  29. Question # 18 The cluster approach requires cluster member organisations to be accountable to: • The cluster coordinator • The HC • The cluster lead agency • None of the above

  30. Question # 19 Acc. to the FAO Cluster Coordination Guidance, each sector is to have a clearly designated lead, as agreed by: • the HC • the HCT • the HC and the HCT • all of the participating cluster members

  31. FINAL BIG BONUS Before proceeding to the FINAL BIG BONUS question, you may decide to wager some or all of your points. Write your wager on a piece of paper and hand it in to the facilitators. You will then use the flip charts to write your answers to the question. Our judges will then decide how correct your answer is (as a %) and add points to your total…or not! Teams: Place your bets…

  32. FINAL BIG BONUS Question # 20 Acc. to the IASC’s 2006 Guidance Note On Using The Cluster Approach To Strengthen Humanitarian Response: What is the aim of the cluster approach at the global level?

  33. Acc. to the IASC’s 2006 Guidance Note On Using The Cluster Approach To Strengthen Humanitarian Response: • At the global level, the aim of the cluster approach is to strengthen system-wide preparedness and technical capacity to respond to humanitarian emergencies by ensuring that there is predictable leadership and accountability in all the main sectors or areas of humanitarian response.

  34. Some Humanitarian Fundamentals

  35. General Humanitarian KnowledgeGuiding Principles International humanitarian and human right law & humanitarian principles Humanity Impartiality Neutrality Independence Principles of Partnership Equality Transparency Result-oriented approach Responsibility Complementarity General Humanitarian Knowledge

  36. General Humanitarian Knowledge: Global Clusters General Humanitarian KnowledgeThe Cluster Approach Global cluster lead agencies (CLAs) are designated by the IASC and work with partners to strengthen field response and provide predictable leadership Normative: Standard setting, tools, and best practices Capacity/Preparedness: training, surge support, stockpiles Operational Support: advocacy and resource mobilization Emergency Relief Coordinator (OCHA) Partners, others? What are global clusters? What do global clusters do? To whom are global clusters accountable? General Humanitarian Knowledge

  37. Global Cluster Lead Agencies

  38. General Humanitarian Knowledge: Country-Level Clusters General Humanitarian KnowledgeThe Cluster Approach When are country level clusters activated? New emergencies requiring multi-sectoral responses with participation of a wide range of international humanitarian actors Ongoing emergencies with Humanitarian Coordinators Contingency planning How are country level clusters activated? The HC/RC consults relevant partners, proposes leads for each major area and sends proposal to ERC ERC shares proposal with Global Cluster Lead Agencies, ensures agreement at global level and communicates agreement to HC/RC and partners within 24 hours of proposal HC/RC informs government and partners CLAs staff clusters from a standing roster When are country level clusters deactivated? Upon end of emergency phase HC agreement with partners Memo to ERC To whom are cluster leads accountable? HC/RC Partners? Donors, Population? When are country level clusters activated? How are country level clusters activated? When are country level clusters deactivated? To whom are cluster leads accountable? General Humanitarian Knowledge

  39. Cluster Leads - Terms of Reference What do country level clusters do? • Establish and maintain appropriate coordination mechanisms • Needs assessment and analysis • Planning, strategy, and response development • Emergency preparedness • Advocacy and resource mobilization • Monitoring and reporting • Inclusion of key humanitarian partners • Coordination with national/local authorities, local civil society, etc • Participatory and community-based approaches • Attention to priority cross-cutting issues (age, environment, gender, HIV and AIDS) • Application of standards • Training and capacity building • Provider of last resort Actions Coordinated Guidance for Coordination General Humanitarian Knowledge

  40. General Humanitarian KnowledgeInter-Cluster Coordination Inter-Cluster Coordination • OCHA ensures facilitation of ICC • Normally: Cluster Coordinator represents cluster at relevant inter-cluster meetings Example: “The Survival Strategy” There is a significant and beneficial intersection between mandates of FSC and other clusters, particularly Health, Nutrition and WASH. FSC works with those clusters to build on the Survival Strategy developed jointly by these clusters in Pakistan, following 2010 floods. The Survival Strategy aims at improved coordination and increased impact of synergetic programming, benefiting cluster members and constantly maintaining focus on the overall needs of the target population. General Humanitarian Knowledge

  41. Humanitarian Coordination Structure IASC Global Cluster Global level Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) OCHA Agency Head/Head of Global Cluster Lead Agency NGO Consortia Agency Head Agency Head Agency Head Global Cluster Coordinator NGO NGO Global Cluster Member Global Cluster Member Global Cluster Member National level = Coordination = Support = Reporting = Inter-cluster coordination

  42. Humanitarian Coordination Structure IASC Global Cluster Global level Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) OCHA Agency Head/Head of Global Cluster Lead Agency NGO Consortia Agency Head Agency Head Agency Head Global Cluster Coordinator NGO NGO Global Cluster Member Global Cluster Member Global Cluster Member Humanitarian Country Team National level National Govt HC or RC OCHA Cluster Cluster NGOs Country Representative Agency Country Representative Agency Country Representative/ Head of Cluster Lead Agency Agency Country Representative/ Head of Cluster Lead Agency Donors Inter Cluster Coordination Cluster Coordinator & IMO Cluster Coordinator & IMO Line Ministry Line Ministry Cluster Member Cluster Member Cluster Member Cluster Member Cluster Member Cluster Member = Coordination = Support = Reporting = Inter-cluster coordination

  43. General Humanitarian Knowledge Relevance Why is this subject covered? Cluster staff need to understand the background behind humanitarian reform and the cluster system of which they will be a part. How does this relate to my day to day tasks? Knowing the underpinnings of the cluster system, the guiding principles, and the generic TORs will help you strengthen cluster legitimacy, bring sceptics on board, and understand what tasks are required. General Humanitarian Knowledge

  44. General Humanitarian Knowledge – Group Work

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